{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:52:17Z","timestamp":1790776337473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,3]],"date-time":"2015-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The envelopes of coronaviruses (CoVs) contain primarily three proteins; the  two major glycoproteins spike (S) and membrane (M), and envelope (E), a non-glycosylated protein. Unlike other enveloped viruses, CoVs bud and assemble at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). For efficient virion assembly, these proteins must be targeted to the budding site and to interact with each other or the ribonucleoprotein. Thus, the efficient incorporation of viral envelope proteins into CoV virions depends on protein trafficking and protein\u2013protein interactions near the ERGIC. The goal of this review is to summarize recent findings on the mechanism of incorporation of the M and S glycoproteins into the CoV virion, focusing on protein trafficking and protein\u2013protein interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v7041700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T03:47:46Z","timestamp":1428378466000},"page":"1700-1725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ujike","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Viral Infections, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Viral Infections, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-121-30734","article-title":"A new virus isolated from the human respiratory tract","volume":"121","author":"Hamre","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proc. 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