{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:58:05Z","timestamp":1771657085945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza virus infection has a significant impact on public health, since it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is not well-known whether influenza virus infection affects cell death and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication in HIV-1-infected patients. Using a lymphoma cell line, Jurkat, we examined the in vitro effects of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) infection on cell death and HIV-1 RNA production in infected cells. We found that pH1N1 infection increased apoptotic cell death through Fas and Bax-mediated pathways in HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells. Infection with pH1N1 virus could promote HIV-1 RNA production by activating host transcription factors including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u0138B), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-related pathways. The replication of HIV-1 latent infection could be reactivated by pH1N1 infection through TCR and apoptotic pathways. These data indicate that HIV-1 replication can be activated by pH1N1 virus in HIV-1-infected cells resulting in induction of cell death through apoptotic pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v8020033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T01:48:18Z","timestamp":1454464098000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection Increases Apoptosis and HIV-1 Replication in HIV-1 Infected Jurkat Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER\/FDA, Building 72, Rm 4322, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiying","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER\/FDA, Building 72, Rm 4322, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santanu","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER\/FDA, Building 72, Rm 4322, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4672-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER\/FDA, Building 72, Rm 4322, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishnakumar","family":"Devadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER\/FDA, Building 72, Rm 4322, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Hewlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER\/FDA, Building 72, Rm 4322, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS WHO. 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