{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:47:50Z","timestamp":1771660070608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a calicivirus that causes acute infections in both domestic and wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The virus causes significant economic losses in rabbit farming and reduces wild rabbit populations. The recent emergence of RHDV variants capable of overcoming immunity to other strains emphasises the need to develop universally effective antivirals to enable quick responses during outbreaks until new vaccines become available. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a primary target for the development of such antiviral drugs. In this study, we used cell-free in vitro assays to examine the biochemical characteristics of two rabbit calicivirus RdRps and the effects of several antivirals that were previously identified as human norovirus RdRp inhibitors. The non-nucleoside inhibitor NIC02 was identified as a potential scaffold for further drug development against rabbit caliciviruses. Our experiments revealed an unusually high temperature optimum (between 40 and 45 \u00b0C) for RdRps derived from both a pathogenic and a non-pathogenic rabbit calicivirus, possibly demonstrating an adaptation to a host with a physiological body temperature of more than 38 \u00b0C. Interestingly, the in vitro polymerase activity of the non-pathogenic calicivirus RdRp was at least two times higher than that of the RdRp of the highly virulent RHDV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v8040100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T12:37:04Z","timestamp":1460637424000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Purification and Biochemical Characterisation of Rabbit Calicivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases and Identification of Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nadya","family":"Urakova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scinetific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Netzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Frese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scinetific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6046-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Strive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scinetific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.10.2.560","article-title":"Clinical and pathological features of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Marcato","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. 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