{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:09:09Z","timestamp":1791295749522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]],"date-time":"2016-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The influenza A virus genome comprises eight negative-sense viral RNAs (vRNAs) that form individual ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. In order to incorporate a complete set of each of these vRNAs, the virus uses a selective packaging mechanism that facilitates co-packaging of specific gene segments but whose molecular basis is still not fully understood. Recently, we used a competitive transfection model where plasmids encoding the A\/Puerto Rico\/8\/34 (PR8) and A\/Udorn\/307\/72 (Udorn) PB1 gene segments were competed to show that the Udorn PB1 gene segment is preferentially co-packaged into progeny virions with the Udorn NA gene segment. Here we created chimeric PB1 genes combining both Udorn and PR8 PB1 sequences to further define the location within the Udorn PB1 gene that drives co-segregation of these genes and show that nucleotides 1776\u20132070 of the PB1 gene are crucial for preferential selection. In vitro assays examining specific interactions between Udorn NA vRNA and purified vRNAs transcribed from chimeric PB1 genes also supported the importance of this region in the PB1-NA interaction. Hence, this work identifies an association between viral genes that are co-selected during packaging. It also reveals a region potentially important in the RNP-RNP interactions within the supramolecular complex that is predicted to form prior to budding to allow one of each segment to be packaged in the viral progeny. Our study lays the foundation to understand the co-selection of specific genes, which may be critical to the emergence of new viruses with pandemic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T10:40:33Z","timestamp":1471862433000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Influenza NA and PB1 Gene Segments Interact during the Formation of Viral Progeny: Localization of the Binding Region within the PB1 Gene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Brad","family":"Gilbertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture et R\u00e9activit\u00e9 de l\u2019ARN, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Printz-Schweigert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture et R\u00e9activit\u00e9 de l\u2019ARN, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seqirus, 63 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4209-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Marquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture et R\u00e9activit\u00e9 de l\u2019ARN, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Isel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture et R\u00e9activit\u00e9 de l\u2019ARN, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Virus \u00e0 ARN, D\u00e9partement de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75005, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Rockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Seqirus, 63 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.22.8140","article-title":"Genomic RNAs of influenza viruses are held in a circular conformation in virions and in infected cells by a terminal panhandle","volume":"84","author":"Hsu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. 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