{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:44:07Z","timestamp":1790019847095,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract: Autophagy-related (Atg) gene-encoded proteins were originally described for their crucial role in macroautophagy, a catabolic pathway for cytoplasmic constituent degradation in lysosomes. Recently it has become clear that modules of this machinery can also be used to influence endo- and exocytosis. This mini review discusses how these alternative Atg functions support virus replication and viral antigen presentation on major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II molecules. A better understanding of the modular use of the macroautophagy machinery might enable us to manipulate these alternative functions of Atg proteins during anti-viral therapies and to attenuate virus-induced immune pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v9100288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T13:53:55Z","timestamp":1507125235000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Autophagy Proteins in Viral Exocytosis and Anti-Viral Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fcnz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005","article-title":"The role of atg proteins in autophagosome formation","volume":"27","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. 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