{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:02:01Z","timestamp":1790823721027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":288,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#MOP-82849; #MOP-114957; #TCO125276; #PJT-153052 to PA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#MOP-82849; #MOP-114957; #TCO125276; #PJT-153052 to PA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["The Canadian HIV Cure Enterprise Team Grant HIG-133050 to PA and JPR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The Canadian HIV Cure Enterprise Team Grant HIG-133050 to PA and JPR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral award to VSW (2010-2013)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral award to VSW (2010-2013)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002879","name":"Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTN #247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN #247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells with unique effector functions, developmental plasticity, and stem-cell features. Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against fungal and bacterial infections at skin and mucosal barrier surfaces. Although Th17 cells have been extensively studied in the context of autoimmunity, their role in various other pathologies is underexplored and remains an area of open investigation. This review summarizes the history of Th17 cell discovery and the current knowledge relative to the beneficial role of Th17 cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis. We further discuss the concept of Th17 pathogenicity in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, and HIV infection, and we review the most recent discoveries on molecular mechanisms regulating HIV replication\/persistence in pathogenic Th17 cells. Finally, we stress the need for novel fundamental research discovery-based Th17-specific therapeutic interventions to treat pathogenic conditions associated with Th17 abnormalities, including HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v9100303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T11:07:29Z","timestamp":1508411249000},"page":"303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["The Th17 Lineage: From Barrier Surfaces Homeostasis to Autoimmunity, Cancer, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Wacleche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement of Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Landay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Routy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petronela","family":"Ancuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement of Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2295","article-title":"TH17 cells in development: An updated view of their molecular identity and genetic programming","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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