{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:58:18Z","timestamp":1790542698824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":322,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C5575\/A15032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C5575\/A15032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000951","name":"Cancer Council Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1086157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1086157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Estate of Anthony Redstone","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1086291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1086291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) was first discovered in cells from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and is now known to be a contributory factor in 1\u20132% of all cancers, for which there are as yet, no EBV-targeted therapies available. Like other herpesviruses, EBV adopts a persistent latent infection in vivo and only rarely reactivates into replicative lytic cycle. Although latency is associated with restricted patterns of gene expression, genes are never expressed in isolation; always in groups. Here, we discuss (1) the ways in which the latent genes of EBV are known to modulate cell death, (2) how these mechanisms relate to growth transformation and lymphomagenesis, and (3) how EBV genes cooperate to coordinately regulate key cell death pathways in BL and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Since manipulation of the cell death machinery is critical in EBV pathogenesis, understanding the mechanisms that underpin EBV regulation of apoptosis therefore provides opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v9110339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T11:12:36Z","timestamp":1510571556000},"page":"339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["EBV and Apoptosis: The Viral Master Regulator of Cell Fate?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Fitzsimmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rickinson, A.A.E.K. (2001). Fields Virology, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91524-7","article-title":"Virus Particles in Cultured Lymphoblasts from Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"1","author":"Epstein","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1233","article-title":"A Second Virus-Carrying Tissue Culture Strain (Eb2) of Lymphoblasts from Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Epstein","year":"1964","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107fs7","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002878","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus: An important vaccine target for cancer prevention","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004619704","article-title":"A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children","volume":"46","author":"Burkitt","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Burkitt, D.P., and Wright, D.H. (1970). Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma, Churchill Livingstone."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"102","article-title":"A Children\u2019s Cancer with Geographical Limitations","volume":"92","author":"Burkitt","year":"1963","journal-title":"Cancer Prog."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"511","article-title":"Observations on the geography of malignant lymphoma","volume":"38","author":"Burkitt","year":"1961","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"429","article-title":"An Improved Map for the Study of Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma Syndrome in Africa","volume":"40","author":"Haddow","year":"1963","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Age Incidence in Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma Syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Haddow","year":"1964","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2007.1.277","article-title":"Burkitt lymphoma: Revisiting the pathogenesis of a virus-associated malignancy","volume":"2007","author":"Kelly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Progr."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Crawford, D.H., Rickinson, A., and Johannessen, I.O. (2014). Cancer Virus: The Story of Epstein-Barr Virus, OUP Oxford."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910030619","article-title":"Transformation of foetal human keukocytes in vitro by filtrates of a human leukaemic cell line containing herpes-like virus","volume":"3","author":"Pope","year":"1968","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1126\/science.157.3792.1064","article-title":"Herpes-type virus and chromosome marker in normal leukocytes after growth with irradiated Burkitt cells","volume":"157","author":"Henle","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(76)90331-4","article-title":"Covalently closed circular duplex DNA of Epstein-Barr virus in a human lymphoid cell line","volume":"102","author":"Lindahl","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a013029","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a013029","article-title":"Replication of Epstein-Barr viral DNA","volume":"5","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04540.x","article-title":"Restricted expression of EBV latent genes and T-lymphocyte-detected membrane antigen in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"5","author":"Rowe","year":"1986","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02568.x","article-title":"Differences in B cell growth phenotype reflect novel patterns of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"6","author":"Rowe","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, G.L., Long, H.M., Stylianou, J., Thomas, W.A., Leese, A., Bell, A.I., Bornkamm, G.W., Mautner, J., Rickinson, A.B., and Rowe, M. (2009). An Epstein-Barr virus anti-apoptotic protein constitutively expressed in transformed cells and implicated in burkitt lymphomagenesis: The Wp\/BHRF1 link. PLoS Pathog., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000341"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096781","article-title":"Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs","volume":"304","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9967","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02244-06","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 micro- and stable RNAs during latency III and after induction of replication","volume":"81","author":"Xing","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, X., Schafer, A., Lu, S., Bilello, J.P., Desrosiers, R.C., Edwards, R., Raab-Traub, N., and Cullen, B.R. (2006). Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and differentially expressed. PLoS Pathog., 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020023"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"785","article-title":"Striking similarities are exhibited by two small Epstein-Barr virus-encoded ribonucleic acids and the adenovirus-associated ribonucleic acids VAI and VAII","volume":"1","author":"Rosa","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01528-10","article-title":"Quantitative studies of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs provide novel insights into their regulation","volume":"85","author":"Amoroso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90893-G","article-title":"Early events in Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B lymphocytes","volume":"181","author":"Alfieri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.11.3678","article-title":"Complex transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1) in latently and lytically infected B lymphocytes","volume":"85","author":"Austin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.5.2126-2134.1990","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 induces expression of the virus-encoded latent membrane protein","volume":"64","author":"Abbot","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05642.x","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 interacts with an EBNA2 responsive cis-element of the terminal protein 1 gene promoter","volume":"12","author":"Kremmer","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.6.3561-3570.1996","article-title":"Transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene occurs before induction of the BCR2 (Cp) EBNA gene promoter during the initial stages of infection in B cells","volume":"70","author":"Schlager","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81153-0","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation: Quantitating events from virus binding to cell outgrowth","volume":"86","author":"Baldwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhardt, K., Haar, J., Tsai, M.H., Poirey, R., Feederle, R., and Delecluse, H.J. (2016). A Viral microRNA Cluster Regulates the Expression of PTEN, p27 and of a bcl-2 Homolog. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005405"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11096","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01069-12","article-title":"Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus-regulated host gene expression changes through primary B-cell outgrowth reveals delayed kinetics of latent membrane protein 1-mediated NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"86","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.10.030","article-title":"Unexpected patterns of Epstein-Barr virus transcription revealed by a High throughput PCR array for absolute quantification of viral mRNA","volume":"474","author":"Tierney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.5.2033-2040.2001","article-title":"Activated Notch1 can transiently substitute for EBNA2 in the maintenance of proliferation of LMP1-expressing immortalized B cells","volume":"75","author":"Hofelmayr","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.4.1727-1735.2000","article-title":"Activated Notch1 modulates gene expression in B cells similarly to Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen 2","volume":"74","author":"Strobl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6034","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.7.6034-6039.1998","article-title":"Functional replacement of the intracellular region of the Notch1 receptor by Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2","volume":"72","author":"Sakai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.16.7568","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 transactivator is directed to response elements by the J kappa recombination signal binding protein","volume":"91","author":"Grossman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1578","article-title":"Genetic and biochemical evidence that EBNA 2 interaction with a 63-kDa cellular GTG-binding protein is essential for B lymphocyte growth transformation by EBV","volume":"204","author":"Yalamanchili","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4973","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06824.x","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 exerts its transactivating function through interaction with recombination signal binding protein RBP-J kappa, the homologue of Drosophila Suppressor of Hairless","volume":"13","author":"Strobl","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8016657","article-title":"Mediation of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2 transactivation by recombination signal-binding protein J kappa","volume":"265","author":"Henkel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10092","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00358-07","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus exploits BSAP\/Pax5 to achieve the B-cell specificity of its growth-transforming program","volume":"81","author":"Tierney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182552499","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2 blocks Nur77-mediated apoptosis","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12694","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.22.12694-12697.2004","article-title":"EBNA2 is required for protection of latently Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells against specific apoptotic stimuli","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14072","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.715235","article-title":"Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 Binds a Novel Protein Interaction Site on Anti-apoptotic B Cell Lymphoma Gene 2 Family Proteins","volume":"291","author":"Godoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8133","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00278-06","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 trans-activates the cellular antiapoptotic bfl-1 gene by a CBF1\/RBPJ kappa-dependent pathway","volume":"80","author":"Pegman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5001","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03642-13","article-title":"Repression of the proapoptotic cellular BIK\/NBK gene by Epstein-Barr virus antagonizes transforming growth factor beta1-induced B-cell apoptosis","volume":"88","author":"Campion","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, C.D., Veenstra, H., Khasnis, S., Gunnell, A., Webb, H.M., Shannon-Lowe, C., Andrews, S., Osborne, C.S., and West, M.J. (2016). MYC activation and BCL2L11 silencing by a tumour virus through the large-scale reconfiguration of enhancer-promoter hubs. eLife, 5.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18270"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06634.x","article-title":"EBNA-2 and EBNA-LP cooperate to cause G0 to G1 transition during immortalization of resting human B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"13","author":"Sinclair","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6826","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.12.6826-6837.1991","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein encoded by the leader of the EBNA RNAs is important in B-lymphocyte transformation","volume":"65","author":"Mannick","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/340393a0","article-title":"Genetic analysis of immortalizing functions of Epstein-Barr virus in human B lymphocytes","volume":"340","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12362","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06059-11","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BamHI W repeat number limits EBNA2\/EBNA-LP coexpression in newly infected B cells and the efficiency of B-cell transformation: A rationale for the multiple W repeats in wild-type virus strains","volume":"85","author":"Tierney","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"47","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA-5 binds to Epstein-Barr virus-induced Fte1\/S3a protein","volume":"303","author":"Kashuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11124","article-title":"EBV-encoded EBNA-5 associates with P14ARF in extranucleolar inclusions and prolongs the survival of P14ARF-expressing cells","volume":"105","author":"Kashuba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb02790.x","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNA-LP) forms complexes with a cellular anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 or its EBV counterpart BHRF1 through HS1-associated protein X-1","volume":"47","author":"Matsuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"61","article-title":"The EBNA3 Family: Two Oncoproteins and a Tumour Suppressor that Are Central to the Biology of EBV in B Cells","volume":"391","author":"Allday","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1687","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus determined nuclear antigens EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C repress EBNA-2-mediated transactivation of the viral terminal protein 1 gene promoter","volume":"205","author":"Kerdiles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2009.08.006","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear proteins of EBNA-3 family","volume":"39","author":"Yenamandra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertle, M.L., Popp, C., Petermann, S., Maier, S., Kremmer, E., Lang, R., Mages, J., and Kempkes, B. (2009). Differential gene expression patterns of EBV infected EBNA-3A positive and negative human B lymphocytes. PLoS Pathog., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000506"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skalska, L., White, R.E., Franz, M., Ruhmann, M., and Allday, M.J. (2010). Epigenetic repression of p16(INK4A) by latent Epstein-Barr virus requires the interaction of EBNA3A and EBNA3C with CtBP. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000951"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.4.2014-2025.1993","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear proteins EBNA-3A and EBNA-3C are essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation","volume":"67","author":"Tomkinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.5.2893-2903.1992","article-title":"Use of second-site homologous recombination to demonstrate that Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 3B is not important for lymphocyte infection or growth transformation in vitro","volume":"66","author":"Tomkinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.7.4506-4509.2005","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus with the latent infection nuclear antigen 3B completely deleted is still competent for B-cell growth transformation in vitro","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7233","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks391","article-title":"BIM promoter directly targeted by EBNA3C in polycomb-mediated repression by EBV","volume":"40","author":"Paschos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paschos, K., Smith, P., Anderton, E., Middeldorp, J.M., White, R.E., and Allday, M.J. (2009). Epstein-barr virus latency in B cells leads to epigenetic repression and CpG methylation of the tumour suppressor gene Bim. PLoS Pathog., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000492"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210668","article-title":"Two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncoproteins cooperate to repress expression of the proapoptotic tumour-suppressor Bim: Clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Anderton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019599108","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens 3C and 3A maintain lymphoblastoid cell growth by repressing p16INK4A and p14ARF expression","volume":"108","author":"Maruo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604919104","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein EBNA3C is required for cell cycle progression and growth maintenance of lymphoblastoid cells","volume":"103","author":"Maruo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skalska, L., White, R.E., Parker, G.A., Turro, E., Sinclair, A.J., Paschos, K., and Allday, M.J. (2013). Induction of p16(INK4a) is the major barrier to proliferation when Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms primary B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/2c4b89c1-6d4a-4bf3-9467-9367227d7e74"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321704111","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C binds to BATF\/IRF4 or SPI1\/IRF4 composite sites and recruits Sin3A to repress CDKN2A","volume":"111","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Q., Guo, Y., Xiao, B., Banerjee, S., Saha, A., Lu, J., Glisovic, T., and Robertson, E.S. (2011). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C stabilizes Gemin3 to block p53-mediated apoptosis. PLoS Pathog., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002418"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.03.027","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C targets p53 and modulates its transcriptional and apoptotic activities","volume":"388","author":"Yi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02408-08","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C augments Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation by deubiquitinating Mdm2","volume":"83","author":"Saha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McClellan, M.J., Wood, C.D., Ojeniyi, O., Cooper, T.J., Kanhere, A., Arvey, A., Webb, H.M., Palermo, R.D., Harth-Hertle, M.L., and Kempkes, B. (2013). Modulation of enhancer looping and differential gene targeting by Epstein-Barr virus transcription factors directs cellular reprogramming. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003636"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11487","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.21.11487-11505.2004","article-title":"The amino terminus of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 contains AT hooks that facilitate the replication and partitioning of latent EBV genomes by tethering them to cellular chromosomes","volume":"78","author":"Sears","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)06020-6","article-title":"Applications of oriP plasmids and their mode of replication","volume":"306","author":"Mackey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1654(200003\/04)10:2<83::AID-RMV262>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"EBNA-1: A protein pivotal to latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"10","author":"Leight","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3390\/v4091537","article-title":"Contributions of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) to cell immortalization and survival","volume":"4","author":"Frappier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.258","article-title":"Three Epstein-Barr virus latency proteins independently promote genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair and inactivating cell cycle checkpoints","volume":"28","author":"Gruhne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810619106","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 promotes genomic instability via induction of reactive oxygen species","volume":"106","author":"Gruhne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.02.029","article-title":"Structure of the p53 binding domain of HAUSP\/USP7 bound to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 implications for EBV-mediated immortalization","volume":"18","author":"Saridakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.10.029","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) confers resistance to apoptosis in EBV-positive B-lymphoma cells through up-regulation of survivin","volume":"410","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210496","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA1 regulates cellular gene transcription and modulates the STAT1 and TGFbeta signaling pathways","volume":"26","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22421","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911676106","article-title":"EBNA1 regulates cellular gene expression by binding cellular promoters","volume":"106","author":"Canaan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01974-08","article-title":"Identifying sites bound by Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) in the human genome: Defining a position-weighted matrix to predict sites bound by EBNA1 in viral genomes","volume":"83","author":"Dresang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-262","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of host-chromosome binding sites for Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1)","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.19.9150","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation","volume":"90","author":"Kaye","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"2982","article-title":"Latent membrane protein 1 is critical for efficient growth transformation of human B cells by epstein-barr virus","volume":"63","author":"Dirmeier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-117655","article-title":"LMP1 signaling can replace CD40 signaling in B cells in vivo and has unique features of inducing class-switch recombination to IgG1","volume":"111","author":"Rastelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5438.300","article-title":"Mimicry of CD40 signals by Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 in B lymphocyte responses","volume":"286","author":"Uchida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12592","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus oncogene product latent membrane protein 1 engages the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein to mediate B lymphocyte growth transformation and activate NF-kappaB","volume":"94","author":"Izumi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1447","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 amino acid sequence that engages tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors is critical for primary B lymphocyte growth transformation","volume":"94","author":"Izumi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90489-1","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 engages signaling proteins for the tumor necrosis factor receptor family","volume":"80","author":"Mosialos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2136756100","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 activation of NF-kappaB through IRAK1 and TRAF6","volume":"100","author":"Luftig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards, R.H., Marquitz, A.R., and Raab-Traub, N. (2015). Changes in expression induced by Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1-CTAR1: Potential role of bcl3. MBio, 6.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00441-15"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6764","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00422-11","article-title":"Canonical NF-\u03baB activation is essential for Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 TES2\/CTAR2 gene regulation","volume":"85","author":"Gewurz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3390\/v5061587","article-title":"NF-kappaB and IRF7 pathway activation by Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 1","volume":"5","author":"Ersing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00344-10","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 modulates distinctive NF-\u03baB pathways through C-terminus-activating region 1 to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor expression","volume":"84","author":"Kung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06966-11","article-title":"The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus can simultaneously induce and inhibit apoptosis in B cells","volume":"86","author":"Pratt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.14.6652-6658.2000","article-title":"The bfl-1 gene is transcriptionally upregulated by the Epstein-Barr virus LMP1, and its expression promotes the survival of a Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell line","volume":"74","author":"Rowe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.4.1800-1816.2004","article-title":"Nuclear factor \u03baB -dependent activation of the antiapoptotic bfl-1 gene by the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and activated CD40 receptor","volume":"78","author":"Edelstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90007-L","article-title":"Induction of bcl-2 expression by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 protects infected B cells from programmed cell death","volume":"65","author":"Henderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"4610","article-title":"Expression of the Epstein Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 causes a rapid and transient stimulation of the Bcl-2 homologue Mcl-1 levels in B-cell lines","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9041","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00541-13","article-title":"Autocrine CCL3 and CCL4 induced by the oncoprotein LMP1 promote Epstein-Barr virus-triggered B cell proliferation","volume":"87","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.037","article-title":"The NF-\u03baB genomic landscape in lymphoblastoid B cells","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.04.005","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 Screens Reveal Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed B Cell Host Dependency Factors","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6721","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02250-07","article-title":"Molecular basis of cytotoxicity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in EBV latency III B cells: LMP1 induces type II ligand-independent autoactivation of CD95\/Fas with caspase 8-mediated apoptosis","volume":"82","author":"Ouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-2053","article-title":"EBV latency III immortalization program sensitizes B cells to induction of CD95-mediated apoptosis via LMP1: Role of NF-\u03baB, STAT1, and p53","volume":"107","author":"Adriaenssens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6947","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.11.6947-6958.1994","article-title":"Identification and characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2-responsive cis element in the bidirectional promoter region of latent membrane protein and terminal protein 2 genes","volume":"68","author":"Laux","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02874.x","article-title":"A spliced Epstein-Barr virus gene expressed in immortalized lymphocytes is created by circularization of the linear viral genome","volume":"7","author":"Laux","year":"1988","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.2.933-937.1989","article-title":"Two related Epstein-Barr virus membrane proteins are encoded by separate genes","volume":"63","author":"Sample","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7634","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.12.7634-7640.1993","article-title":"Mutants of Epstein-Barr virus with a selective marker disrupting the TP gene transform B cells and replicate normally in culture","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.8.5068-5074.1993","article-title":"Deletion of DNA encoding the first five transmembrane domains of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane proteins 2A and 2B","volume":"67","author":"Longnecker","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.4.2006-2013.1993","article-title":"The last seven transmembrane and carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domains of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) are dispensable for lymphocyte infection and growth transformation in vitro","volume":"67","author":"Longnecker","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-8-2193","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus lacking latent membrane protein 2 immortalizes B cells with efficiency indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus","volume":"80","author":"Speck","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9299","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00537-07","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A mediates transformation through constitutive activation of the Ras\/PI3-K\/Akt Pathway","volume":"81","author":"Fukuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"151","article-title":"Latent Membrane Protein 2 (LMP2)","volume":"391","author":"Cen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2341","article-title":"Rescue of \u201ccrippled\u201d germinal center B cells from apoptosis by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"106","author":"Mancao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-090142","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A is a B-cell receptor mimic and essential for B-cell survival","volume":"110","author":"Mancao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1187","article-title":"LMP2A survival and developmental signals are transmitted through Btk-dependent and Btk-independent pathways","volume":"291","author":"Merchant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180109045591","article-title":"The effects of the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A on B cell function","volume":"20","author":"Merchant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10838","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10838-10845.2000","article-title":"Latent membrane protein 2A-mediated effects on the phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"74","author":"Swart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-11-3079","article-title":"The terminal protein gene 2 of Epstein-Barr virus is transcribed from a bidirectional latent promoter region","volume":"70","author":"Laux","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8520","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00843-08","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A preferentially signals through the Src family kinase Lyn","volume":"82","author":"Rovedo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e909","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.436","article-title":"Structural biology of the Bcl-2 family and its mimicry by viral proteins","volume":"4","author":"Kvansakul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82772-0","article-title":"Functional and structural studies of the vaccinia virus virulence factor N1 reveal a Bcl-2-like anti-apoptotic protein","volume":"88","author":"Cooray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.062454707","article-title":"Vaccinia virus N1L protein resembles a B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family protein","volume":"16","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36570","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400567200","article-title":"Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-\u03baB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-\u03baB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-\u03baB and IRF3 signaling by toll-like receptors","volume":"279","author":"DiPerna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graham, S.C., Bahar, M.W., Cooray, S., Chen, R.A., Whalen, D.M., Abrescia, N.G., Alderton, D., Owens, R.J., Stuart, D.I., and Smith, G.L. (2008). Vaccinia virus proteins A52 and B14 Share a Bcl-2-like fold but have evolved to inhibit NF-\u03baB rather than apoptosis. PLoS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000128"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altmann, M., and Hammerschmidt, W. (2005). Epstein-Barr virus provides a new paradigm: A requirement for the immediate inhibition of apoptosis. PLoS Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030404"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5181","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.6.5181-5185.1999","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus encodes a novel homolog of the bcl-2 oncogene that inhibits apoptosis and associates with Bax and Bak","volume":"73","author":"Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8479","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.18.8479","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death","volume":"90","author":"Henderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.05.015","article-title":"Locating Herpesvirus Bcl-2 Homologs in the Specificity Landscape of Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins","volume":"427","author":"Foight","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kvansakul, M., Wei, A.H., Fletcher, J.I., Willis, S.N., Chen, L., Roberts, A.W., Huang, D.C., and Colman, P.M. (2010). Structural basis for apoptosis inhibition by Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001236"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402292","article-title":"BH3 domains define selective inhibitory interactions with BHRF-1 and KSHV BCL-2","volume":"15","author":"Flanagan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901036106","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus Bcl-2 homolog, BHRF1, blocks apoptosis by binding to a limited amount of Bim","volume":"106","author":"Desbien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8392","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.10.8392-8395.1998","article-title":"Suppression of c-Myc-induced apoptosis by the Epstein-Barr virus gene product BHRF1","volume":"72","author":"Fanidi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7509","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.10.7509-7517.1997","article-title":"The ability of BHRF1 to inhibit apoptosis is dependent on stimulus and cell type","volume":"71","author":"Foghsgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02261-1","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 functions downstream of Bid cleavage and upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction to inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis in BJAB cells","volume":"297","author":"Kawanishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0274-0_9","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus gene BHRF1, a homologue of the cellular oncogene Bcl-2, inhibits apoptosis induced by gamma radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs","volume":"406","author":"McCarthy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01616-09","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded Bcl-2 homologue functions as a survival factor in Wp-restricted Burkitt lymphoma cell line P3HR-1","volume":"84","author":"Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yee, J., White, R.E., Anderton, E., and Allday, M.J. (2011). Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Can Inhibit Apoptosis in B Cells by Blocking the Induction of NOXA Expression. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028506"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980831)77:5<755::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis in a Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell line","volume":"77","author":"Zhao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.5.2469-2479.2002","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BALF1 is a BCL-2-like antagonist of the herpesvirus antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins","volume":"76","author":"Bellows","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.12.030","article-title":"Differential targeting of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins by their BH3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1304105","article-title":"Proapoptotic Bak is sequestered by Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, until displaced by BH3-only proteins","volume":"19","author":"Willis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808691105","article-title":"Apoptosis is triggered when prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins cannot restrain Bax","volume":"105","author":"Fletcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2008.02.009","article-title":"Structural plasticity underpins promiscuous binding of the prosurvival protein A1","volume":"16","author":"Smits","year":"2008","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera\u2014A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.2.805","article-title":"Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and complexed with protein are precipitated by antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Lerner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00108-09","article-title":"Features distinguishing Epstein-Barr virus infections of epithelial cells and B cells: Viral genome expression, genome maintenance, and genome amplification","volume":"83","author":"Adland","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01689-08","article-title":"Identification of novel Epstein-Barr virus microRNA genes from nasopharyngeal carcinomas","volume":"83","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S.J., Chen, G.H., Chen, Y.H., Liu, C.Y., Chang, K.P., Chang, Y.S., and Chen, H.C. (2010). Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus miRNAome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by deep sequencing. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012745"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2326106","article-title":"A combined computational and microarray-based approach identifies novel microRNAs encoded by human gamma-herpesviruses","volume":"12","author":"Grundhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9094","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00785-08","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BART microRNAs are produced from a large intron prior to splicing","volume":"82","author":"Edwards","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871","article-title":"The functions of animal microRNAs","volume":"431","author":"Ambros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.4.1546","article-title":"Recombinant Epstein-Barr virus with small RNA (EBER) genes deleted transforms lymphocytes and replicates in vitro","volume":"88","author":"Swaminathan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.8.5133-5136.1992","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) do not modulate interferon effects in infected lymphocytes","volume":"66","author":"Swaminathan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.7.4298-4307.2005","article-title":"Critical role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-encoded RNA in efficient EBV-induced B-lymphocyte growth transformation","volume":"79","author":"Yajima","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11236","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00579-07","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA 2 (EBER2) but not EBER1 plays a critical role in EBV-induced B-cell growth transformation","volume":"81","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02086-10","article-title":"Cellular gene expression that correlates with EBER expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines","volume":"85","author":"Gregorovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.11.2702","article-title":"The death substrate Gas2 binds m-calpain and increases susceptibility to p53-dependent apoptosis","volume":"20","author":"Benetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2469","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.364","article-title":"Activation and cleavage of SASH1 by caspase-3 mediates an apoptotic response","volume":"7","author":"Burgess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5126","article-title":"EBV microRNAs in primary lymphomas and targeting of CXCL-11 by ebv-mir-BHRF1\u20133","volume":"68","author":"Xia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skalsky, R.L., Corcoran, D.L., Gottwein, E., Frank, C.L., Kang, D., Hafner, M., Nusbaum, J.D., Feederle, R., Delecluse, H.J., and Luftig, M.A. (2012). The viral and cellular microRNA targetome in lymphoblastoid cell lines. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002484"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.01.006","article-title":"The microRNAs of Epstein-Barr Virus are expressed at dramatically differing levels among cell lines","volume":"386","author":"Pratt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9801","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05100-11","article-title":"The members of an Epstein-Barr virus microRNA cluster cooperate to transform B lymphocytes","volume":"85","author":"Feederle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feederle, R., Linnstaedt, S.D., Bannert, H., Lips, H., Bencun, M., Cullen, B.R., and Delecluse, H.J. (2011). A viral microRNA cluster strongly potentiates the transforming properties of a human herpesvirus. PLoS Pathog., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001294"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seto, E., Moosmann, A., Gromminger, S., Walz, N., Grundhoff, A., and Hammerschmidt, W. (2010). Micro RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus promote cell cycle progression and prevent apoptosis of primary human B cells. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001063"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5437","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00281-13","article-title":"A cluster of virus-encoded microRNAs accelerates acute systemic Epstein-Barr virus infection but does not significantly enhance virus-induced oncogenesis in vivo","volume":"87","author":"Wahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2489","article-title":"MicroRNA target site identification by integrating sequence and binding information","volume":"10","author":"Majoros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"181","article-title":"EBV Noncoding RNAs","volume":"391","author":"Skalsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3330","article-title":"The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23521","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.220178","article-title":"The BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) target genes are involved in the oxidative stress response and in control of the cell cycle","volume":"286","author":"Warnatz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"3674","article-title":"KDM4B\/JMJD2B is a p53 target gene that modulates the amplitude of p53 response after DNA damage","volume":"45","author":"Castellini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6252","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.11.6252-6259.1991","article-title":"Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI A fragment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Evidence for a viral protein expressed in vivo","volume":"65","author":"Gilligan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08404.x","article-title":"EBV gene expression in an NPC-related tumour","volume":"8","author":"Hitt","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.2.1132-1141.1995","article-title":"Structural analyses of the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI A transcripts","volume":"69","author":"Sadler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.6.3217-3225.1993","article-title":"Complex nature of the major viral polyadenylated transcripts in Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors","volume":"67","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.6.2946-2956.2001","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BamHi-a rightward transcript-encoded RPMS protein interacts with the CBF1-associated corepressor CIR to negatively regulate the activity of EBNA2 and NotchIC","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3082-3092.2000","article-title":"Structure and coding content of CST (BART) family RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"74","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.1.384-395.2001","article-title":"An Epstein-Barr virus protein interacts with Notch","volume":"75","author":"Kusano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.006551-0","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BART gene expression","volume":"90","author":"Bodelon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19196-0","article-title":"In vivo transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI-A region without associated in vivo BARF0 protein expression in multiple EBV-associated disorders","volume":"84","author":"Brink","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.35.3.603-618.1980","article-title":"Comparison of Epstein-Barr virus strains of different origin by analysis of the viral DNAs","volume":"35","author":"Bornkamm","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90173-7","article-title":"DNA of Epstein-Barr virus VIII: B95\u20138, the previous prototype, is an unusual deletion derivative","volume":"22","author":"Dambaugh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.71","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus maintains lymphomas via its miRNAs","volume":"33","author":"Vereide","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.03.008","article-title":"Systematic analysis of viral and cellular microRNA targets in cells latently infected with human gamma-herpesviruses by RISC immunoprecipitation assay","volume":"7","author":"Dolken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.11.006","article-title":"Early growth response protein 1 upregulation and nuclear translocation by 2\u2019-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde induces prostate cancer cell death","volume":"329","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402055","article-title":"TOM22, a core component of the mitochondria outer membrane protein translocation pore, is a mitochondrial receptor for the proapoptotic protein Bax","volume":"14","author":"Bellot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08170","article-title":"Argonaute HITS-CLIP decodes microRNA-mRNA interaction maps","volume":"460","author":"Chi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.63","article-title":"EBV and human microRNAs co-target oncogenic and apoptotic viral and human genes during latency","volume":"31","author":"Riley","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13053","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01521-10","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative RNA-Seq-based evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus transcription in type I latency Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moss, W.N., and Steitz, J.A. (2013). Genome-wide analyses of Epstein-Barr virus reveal conserved RNA structures and a novel stable intronic sequence RNA. BMC Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-543"},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"151","article-title":"EBV Persistence\u2014Introducing the Virus","volume":"390","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-307710","article-title":"Down-regulation of BLIMP1alpha by the EBV oncogene, LMP-1, disrupts the plasma cell differentiation program and prevents viral replication in B cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas","volume":"117","author":"Vrzalikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00161","article-title":"Epigenetic control of Epstein-Barr virus transcription\u2014Relevance to viral life cycle?","volume":"4","author":"Sinclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2009.02.012","article-title":"Epigenetic dysregulation of the host cell genome in Epstein-Barr virus-associated neoplasia","volume":"19","author":"Niller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911948107","article-title":"AP-1 homolog BZLF1 of Epstein-Barr virus has two essential functions dependent on the epigenetic state of the viral genome","volume":"107","author":"Kalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woellmer, A., Arteaga-Salas, J.M., and Hammerschmidt, W. (2012). BZLF1 governs CpG-methylated chromatin of Epstein-Barr Virus reversing epigenetic repression. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002902"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.7.1172","article-title":"Characterization of the DNA-binding site repertoire for the Epstein-Barr virus transcription factor R","volume":"22","author":"Gruffat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"747","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus BRLF1 gene product transactivates the murine and human c-myc promoters","volume":"40","author":"Gutsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5240","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.11.5240-5251.2001","article-title":"Autostimulation of the Epstein-Barr virus BRLF1 promoter is mediated through consensus Sp1 and Sp3 binding sites","volume":"75","author":"Ragoczy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90028-1","article-title":"Identification and characterization of oriLyt, a lytic origin of DNA replication of Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"55","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7654","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.12.7654-7658.1993","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus induces fragmentation of chromosomal DNA during lytic infection","volume":"67","author":"Kawanishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.07.020","article-title":"BZLF1, an Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early protein, induces p65 nuclear translocation while inhibiting p65 transcriptional function","volume":"328","author":"Morrison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuo, J., Thomas, W.A., Haigh, T.A., Fitzsimmons, L., Long, H.M., Hislop, A.D., Taylor, G.S., and Rowe, M. (2011). Epstein-Barr virus evades CD4+ T cell responses in lytic cycle through BZLF1-mediated downregulation of CD74 and the cooperation of vBcl-2. PLoS Pathog., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002455"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01932-15","article-title":"Induction of the Lytic Cycle Sensitizes Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected B Cells to NK Cell Killing That Is Counteracted by Virus-Mediated NK Cell Evasion Mechanisms in the Late Lytic Cycle","volume":"90","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.5.2400-2410.2001","article-title":"Activators of the Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Program Concomitantly Induce Apoptosis, but Lytic Gene Expression Protects from Cell Death","volume":"75","author":"Inman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.02.009","article-title":"Activation of the lytic program of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells leads to a two steps downregulation of expression of the proapoptotic protein BimEL, one of which is EBV-late-gene expression dependent","volume":"387","author":"Oussaief","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01416-06","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 gene, a switch from latency to lytic infection, is expressed as an immediate-early gene after primary infection of B lymphocytes","volume":"81","author":"Wen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.6.2390","article-title":"Downregulation of TAP1 in B lymphocytes by cellular and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded interleukin-10","volume":"90","author":"Zeidler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02794-15","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus MicroRNA miR-BART20\u20135p Suppresses Lytic Induction by Inhibiting BAD-Mediated caspase-3-Dependent Apoptosis","volume":"90","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.5.2548-2565.2006","article-title":"Virus and cell RNAs expressed during Epstein-Barr virus replication","volume":"80","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikitin, P.A., Price, A.M., McFadden, K., Yan, C.M., and Luftig, M.A. (2014). Mitogen-induced B-cell proliferation activates Chk2-dependent G1\/S cell cycle arrest. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087299"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.11.004","article-title":"An ATM\/Chk2-mediated DNA damage-responsive signaling pathway suppresses Epstein-Barr virus transformation of primary human B cells","volume":"8","author":"Nikitin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517141113","article-title":"Metabolic stress is a barrier to Epstein-Barr virus-mediated B-cell immortalization","volume":"113","author":"McFadden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07124.x","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus efficiently immortalizes human B cells without neutralizing the function of p53","volume":"14","author":"Allday","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28239","article-title":"Early gene expression changes by Epstein-Barr virus infection of B-cells indicate CDKs and survivin as therapeutic targets for post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases","volume":"133","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"1869","article-title":"Resting B-cells, EBV-infected B-blasts and established lymphoblastoid cell lines differ in their Rb, p53 and EBNA-5 expression patterns","volume":"10","author":"Szekely","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.09.034","article-title":"The common mechanisms of transformation by the small DNA tumor viruses: The inactivation of tumor suppressor gene products: P53","volume":"384","author":"Levine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01681-08","article-title":"MDM2-dependent inhibition of p53 is required for Epstein-Barr virus B-cell growth transformation and infected-cell survival","volume":"83","author":"Forte","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14257","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14257","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus particles induce centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability","volume":"8","author":"Shumilov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5788","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3310","article-title":"EBNA3C regulates p53 through induction of Aurora kinase B","volume":"6","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02279-10","article-title":"EBNA3C attenuates the function of p53 through interaction with inhibitor of growth family proteins 4 and 5","volume":"85","author":"Saha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25414","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA-5 forms trimolecular protein complexes with MDM2 and p53 and inhibits the transactivating function of p53","volume":"128","author":"Kashuba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.307","article-title":"Deciphering the rules of programmed cell death to improve therapy of cancer and other diseases","volume":"30","author":"Strasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385524-4.00002-7","article-title":"The essential role of evasion from cell death in cancer","volume":"111","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/349612a0","article-title":"Activation of Epstein-Barr virus latent genes protects human B cells from death by apoptosis","volume":"349","author":"Gregory","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(77)90292-6","article-title":"Efficiency of transformation of lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"76","author":"Henderson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.23.3.503-508.1977","article-title":"Clonal transformation of adult human leukocytes by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"23","author":"Sugden","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00060-16","article-title":"Highly Efficient CRISPR\/Cas9-Mediated Cloning and Functional Characterization of Gastric Cancer-Derived Epstein-Barr Virus Strains","volume":"90","author":"Kanda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13503","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus modulates host cell microRNA-194 to promote IL-10 production and B lymphoma cell survival","volume":"15","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12137","article-title":"Syk-induced phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation in Epstein-Barr virus posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"13","author":"Hatton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1159\/000339722","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection and altered control of apoptotic pathways in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"80","author":"Ghigna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.09013.x","article-title":"Epidemiology: Clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"156","author":"Magrath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820301)49:5<1016::AID-CNCR2820490527>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"The American Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma Registry: Eight years\u2019 experience","volume":"49","author":"Levine","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5279","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.12.5279.bloodjournal87125279","article-title":"Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-gene products in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma in Northeast Brazil","volume":"87","author":"Araujo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP64YOHAWLUMPK","article-title":"Burkitt lymphoma in Brazil is characterized by geographically distinct clinicopathologic features","volume":"130","author":"Queiroga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/237033a0","article-title":"Marker band in one chromosome 14 from Burkitt lymphomas","volume":"237","author":"Manolov","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910170108","article-title":"Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in biopsies and lymphoid-cell lines from patients with Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas","volume":"17","author":"Zech","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7824","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.24.7824","article-title":"Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells","volume":"79","author":"Bregni","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.7.1982","article-title":"Cellular myc oncogene is altered by chromosome translocation to an immunoglobulin locus in murine plasmacytomas and is rearranged similarly in human Burkitt lymphomas","volume":"80","author":"Adams","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/318533a0","article-title":"The c-myc oncogene driven by immunoglobulin enhancers induces lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice","volume":"318","author":"Adams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202751","article-title":"The role of c-myc in cellular growth control","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc904","article-title":"c-MYC: More than just a matter of life and death","volume":"2","author":"Pelengaris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5413","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.12.5413","article-title":"p53 mutations in human lymphoid malignancies: Association with Burkitt lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"88","author":"Gaidano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07837.x","article-title":"p53 is frequently mutated in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell lines","volume":"10","author":"Farrell","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-5-803","article-title":"Biological activities of p53 mutants in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"74","author":"Vousden","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_250","first-page":"2508","article-title":"Role of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the tumorigenicity of Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"57","author":"Cherney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.20.2658","article-title":"Disruption of the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis","volume":"13","author":"Eischen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204303","article-title":"p14ARF homozygous deletion or MDM2 overexpression in Burkitt lymphoma lines carrying wild type p53","volume":"20","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401471101","article-title":"Bim is a suppressor of Myc-induced mouse B cell leukemia","volume":"101","author":"Egle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.15.5063-5070.2001","article-title":"Apoptosis triggered by Myc-induced suppression of Bcl-X(L) or Bcl-2 is bypassed during lymphomagenesis","volume":"21","author":"Eischen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7256","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.20.7256-7270.2003","article-title":"c-Myc augments gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-XL","volume":"23","author":"Maclean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6158","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.17.6158-6169.2002","article-title":"c-Myc functionally cooperates with Bax to induce apoptosis","volume":"22","author":"Juin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_257","first-page":"6318","article-title":"Bax is a transcriptional target and mediator of c-myc-induced apoptosis","volume":"60","author":"Mitchell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.195","article-title":"Puma and to a lesser extent Noxa are suppressors of Myc-induced lymphomagenesis","volume":"16","author":"Michalak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-280818","article-title":"Maximal killing of lymphoma cells by DNA damage-inducing therapy requires not only the p53 targets Puma and Noxa, but also Bim","volume":"116","author":"Happo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00907-07","article-title":"Selection against PUMA gene expression in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomagenesis","volume":"28","author":"Garrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.121784","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of the proapoptotic gene BIM in anaplastic large cell lymphoma through an MeCP2\/SIN3a deacetylating complex","volume":"15","author":"Piazza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abate, F., Ambrosio, M.R., Mundo, L., Laginestra, M.A., Fuligni, F., Rossi, M., Zairis, S., Gazaneo, S., De Falco, G., and Lazzi, S. (2015). Distinct Viral and Mutational Spectrum of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma. PLoS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005158"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1703","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation and transformation by Myc proteins","volume":"6","author":"Adhikary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.08.005","article-title":"The great MYC escape in tumorigenesis","volume":"8","author":"Dang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2468","article-title":"The genetic landscape of mutations in Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"44","author":"Love","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03845","article-title":"Evasion of the p53 tumour surveillance network by tumour-derived MYC mutants","volume":"436","author":"Hemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-16-0305","article-title":"Comprehensive Transcriptome and Mutational Profiling of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma Reveals EBV Type-Specific Differences","volume":"15","author":"Kaymaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11378","article-title":"Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis and therapeutic targets from structural and functional genomics","volume":"490","author":"Schmitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2469","article-title":"Recurrent mutation of the ID3 gene in Burkitt lymphoma identified by integrated genome, exome and transcriptome sequencing","volume":"44","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_270","first-page":"609","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus and Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"33","author":"Rowe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2336099100","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus provides a survival factor to Burkitt\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"100","author":"Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.12.017","article-title":"Eradication of Epstein-Barr virus episome and associated inhibition of infected tumor cell growth by adenovirus vector-mediated transduction of dominant-negative EBNA1","volume":"11","author":"Nasimuzzaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqv011","article-title":"Clonality Analysis of Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement by Next-Generation Sequencing in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma Suggests Antigen Drive Activation of BCR as Opposed to Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma","volume":"145","author":"Amato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0168","article-title":"Immunoglobulin gene analysis reveals 2 distinct cells of origin for EBV-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt lymphomas","volume":"106","author":"Bellan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07943.x","article-title":"Genome wide DNA-profiling of HIV-related B-cell lymphomas","volume":"148","author":"Capello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(18)30444-1","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Shiramizu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.9.2984","article-title":"Chromosomal breakpoints and structural alterations of the c-myc locus differ in endemic and sporadic forms of Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"83","author":"Pelicci","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/335440a0","article-title":"Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells","volume":"335","author":"Vaux","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.9.6069-6073.1994","article-title":"Isolation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative cell clones from the EBV-positive Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma (BL) line Akata: Malignant phenotypes of BL cells are dependent on EBV","volume":"68","author":"Shimizu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9150","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.11.9150-9156.1998","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus contributes to the malignant phenotype and to apoptosis resistance in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell line Akata","volume":"72","author":"Komano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1086\/515290","article-title":"Eradication of latent Epstein-Barr virus by hydroxyurea alters the growth-transformed cell phenotype","volume":"177","author":"Chodosh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.3.1766-1775.1997","article-title":"Dominant-negative inhibitors of EBNA-1 of Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"71","author":"Kirchmaier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2009.07.006","article-title":"Proof for EBV\u2019s sustaining role in Burkitt\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"19","author":"Vereide","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-285791","article-title":"Lymphomas differ in their dependence on Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"117","author":"Vereide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzsimmons, L., Boyce, A.J., Wei, W., Chang, C., Croom-Carter, D., Tierney, R.J., Herold, M.J., Bell, A.I., Strasser, A., and Kelly, G.L. (2017). Coordinated repression of BIM and PUMA by Epstein-Barr virus latent genes maintains the survival of Burkitt lymphoma cells. Cell Death Differ.","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.150"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.3.1651","article-title":"Epstein-barr virus regulates c-MYC, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity in Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Ruf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9827","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.12.9827-9831.1999","article-title":"Oncogenic role of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell line Akata","volume":"73","author":"Komano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10223","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.21.10223-10228.2000","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs potentiate tumorigenicity of Burkitt lymphoma cells independently of an effect on apoptosis","volume":"74","author":"Ruf","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.4.1697-1705.2004","article-title":"Latent membrane protein 2A inhibits transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"78","author":"Fukuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17945","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907994106","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A bypasses p53 inactivation in a MYC model of lymphomagenesis","volume":"106","author":"Bieging","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.5.10840","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma: A role for latent membrane protein 2A","volume":"9","author":"Bieging","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81906-0","article-title":"Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in endemic Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour cells by using quantitative real-time PCR assays","volume":"87","author":"Bell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.4.1373","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in endemic Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma: Molecular analysis of primary tumor tissue","volume":"91","author":"Tao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10372","article-title":"Promiscuous expression of Epstein-Barr virus genes in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma from the central African country Malawi","volume":"99","author":"Xue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072581","article-title":"An Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNA targets PUMA to promote host cell survival","volume":"205","author":"Choy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.01.028","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr Virus BART microRNAs target the pro-apoptotic protein Bim","volume":"412","author":"Marquitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pimienta, G., Fok, V., Haslip, M., Nagy, M., Takyar, S., and Steitz, J.A. (2015). Proteomics and Transcriptomics of BJAB Cells Expressing the Epstein-Barr Virus Noncoding RNAs EBER1 and EBER2. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124638"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.179101","article-title":"Akt requires glucose metabolism to suppress puma expression and prevent apoptosis of leukemic T cells","volume":"286","author":"Coloff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, B., Guo, B., Kang, J., Deng, X., Fan, Y., Zhang, X., and Ai, K. (2016). Downregulation of Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase in pancreatic cancer cells reversed TGF-beta-induced tumor formation. Tumour Biol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5432-0"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5198","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.410274","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 directly induces PUMA during the rapid induction of apoptosis in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomas","volume":"288","author":"Spender","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-059881","article-title":"Down-regulation of the TGF-beta target gene, PTPRK, by the Epstein-Barr virus encoded EBNA1 contributes to the growth and survival of Hodgkin lymphoma cells","volume":"111","author":"Flavell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509988103","article-title":"Three restricted forms of Epstein-Barr virus latency counteracting apoptosis in c-myc-expressing Burkitt lymphoma cells","volume":"103","author":"Kelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1038\/nm758","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt lymphomagenesis selects for downregulation of the nuclear antigen EBNA2","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30933","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.051441","article-title":"p16INK4A sensitizes human leukemia cells to FAS- and glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis via induction of BBC3\/Puma and repression of MCL1 and BCL2","volume":"284","author":"Obexer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7598","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02435-06","article-title":"Truncated form of the Epstein-Barr virus protein EBNA-LP protects against caspase-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A","volume":"81","author":"Garibal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2014). Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature, 513, 202\u2013209.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13480"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2016-0475","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus gene expression and latency pattern in gastric carcinomas: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-016-0436-0","article-title":"Comprehensive profiling of EBV gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through paired-end transcriptome sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.972","article-title":"Expression of c-myc and PCNA in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_310","first-page":"2745","article-title":"Unique transcription pattern of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in EBV-carrying gastric adenocarcinomas: Expression of the transforming BARF1 gene","volume":"60","author":"Brink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.12.016","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus encoded BALF1 gene is transcribed in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell lines and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma\u2019s biopsies","volume":"34","author":"Cabras","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4015-4021.1998","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus BARF1 gene encodes a novel, soluble colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor","volume":"72","author":"Strockbine","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2012.0034","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BARF1 protein is a decoy receptor for macrophage colony stimulating factor and interferes with macrophage differentiation and activation","volume":"25","author":"Hoebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viral. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2015.04.006","article-title":"Cross-talk between Epstein-Barr virus and microenvironment in the pathogenesis of lymphomas","volume":"34","author":"Dolcetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06537-11","article-title":"Identification of new viral genes and transcript isoforms during Epstein-Barr virus reactivation using RNA-Seq","volume":"86","author":"Concha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-06-292268","article-title":"A novel latent membrane 2 transcript expressed in Epstein-Barr virus-positive NK- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease encodes a target for cellular immunotherapy","volume":"116","author":"Fox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6472-7_2","article-title":"Mutagenesis and Genome Engineering of Epstein-Barr Virus in Cultured Human Cells by CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"1498","author":"Yuen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1115939","article-title":"Constitutive autophagy contributes to resistance to TP53-mediated apoptosis in Epstein-Barr virus-positive latency III B-cell lymphoproliferations","volume":"11","author":"Pujals","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210946","article-title":"The latent membrane protein 1 oncogene modifies B-cell physiology by regulating autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brune, W., and Andoniou, C.E. (2017). Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9090249"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.03.015","article-title":"Vaccinia virus evasion of regulated cell death","volume":"186","author":"Veyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37433","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37433","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Cultured Human Hepatoma Cells Causes Apoptosis and Pyroptosis in Both Infected and Bystander Cells","volume":"6","author":"Kofahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/9\/11\/339\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:49:14Z","timestamp":1760208554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/9\/11\/339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"references-count":322,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["v9110339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v9110339","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]}}}