{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T02:29:43Z","timestamp":1782613783624,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smallpox vaccination carries a high risk of adverse events in recipients with a variety of contra-indications for live vaccines. Although alternative non-replicating vaccines have been described in the form of replication-deficient vaccine viruses, DNA vaccines, and subunit vaccines, these are less efficacious than replicating vaccines in animal models. DNA and subunit vaccines in particular have not been shown to give equivalent protection to the traditional replicating smallpox vaccine. We show here that combinations of the orthopoxvirus A27, A33, B5 and L1 proteins give differing levels of protection when administered in different combinations with different adjuvants. In particular, the combination of B5 and A27 proteins adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) gives a level of protection in mice that is equivalent to the Lister traditional vaccine in a lethal vaccinia virus challenge model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T12:26:37Z","timestamp":1512995197000},"page":"378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Protection of Mice from Lethal Vaccinia Virus Infection by Vaccinia Virus Protein Subunits with a CpG Adjuvant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Reeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical, Biological &amp; Radiological Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical, Biological &amp; Radiological Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5955-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pulford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wallaceville, Upper Hutt 5140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Art","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ulaeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical, Biological &amp; Radiological Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK"},{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.150579","article-title":"Extended human-to-human transmission during a monkeypox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"22","author":"Nolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. 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