{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T14:25:18Z","timestamp":1766586318508,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Military Infectious Disease Research Program","award":["(F0570_19_WR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(F0570_19_WR)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune correlates of protection remain elusive for most vaccines. An identified immune correlate would accelerate the down-selection of vaccine formulations by reducing the need for human pathogen challenge studies that are currently required to determine vaccine efficacy. Immunization via mosquito-delivered, radiation-attenuated P. falciparum sporozoites (IMRAS) is a well-established model for efficacious malaria vaccines, inducing greater than 90% sterile immunity. The current immunoprofiling study utilized samples from a clinical trial in which vaccine dosing was adjusted to achieve only 50% protection, thus enabling a comparison between protective and non-protective immune signatures. In-depth immunoprofiling was conducted by assessing a wide range of antigen-specific serological and cellular parameters and applying our newly developed computational tools, including machine learning. The computational component of the study pinpointed previously un-identified cellular T cell subsets (namely, TNF\u03b1-secreting CD8+CXCR3\u2212CCR6\u2212 T cells, IFN\u03b3-secreting CD8+CCR6+ T cells and TNF\u03b1\/FN\u03b3-secreting CD4+CXCR3\u2212CCR6\u2212 T cells) and B cell subsets (i.e., CD19+CD24hiCD38hiCD69+ transitional B cells) as important factors predictive of protection (92% accuracy). Our study emphasizes the need for in-depth immunoprofiling and subsequent data integration with computational tools to identify immune correlates of protection. The described process of computational data analysis is applicable to other disease and vaccine models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10010124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:46:06Z","timestamp":1642365966000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunoprofiling Identifies Functional B and T Cell Subsets Induced by an Attenuated Whole Parasite Malaria Vaccine as Correlates of Sterile Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Mura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Immunopathology, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 91223 CEDEX, BP73 Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9863-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanmaya","family":"Atre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth H.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidhartha","family":"Chaudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke S.","family":"Bergmann-Leitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00131-10","article-title":"Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination","volume":"17","author":"Plotkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. 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