{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:13:42Z","timestamp":1787030022792,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP)","award":["KEP-63\/LPDP\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEP-63\/LPDP\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a substantial threat to the international health sector and the global economy. As of 26 December 2021, the number of mortalities resulting from COVID-19 exceeded 5.3 million worldwide. The absence of an effective non-vaccine treatment has prompted the quest for prophylactic agents that can be used to combat COVID-19. This study presents the feasibility of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) spike SARS-CoV-2 as a strong candidate to neutralize the virus for application in passive immunization. For the purpose of preclinical studies, we radiolabeled IgY anti-RBD spike SARS-CoV-2 with radionuclide iodine-131. This allowed us to evaluate several biological characteristics of IgY in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The preclinical data suggest that IgY anti-RBD spike SARS-CoV-2 could specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens; however, little uptake was observed in normal cells (MRC-5) (&lt;2%). Furthermore, the ex vivo biodistribution study revealed that IgY predominantly accumulated in the trachea of normal mice compared to other organs. We also found that IgY possessed a good safety profile when used as an intranasal agent. Taken together, we propose that IgY anti-RBD spike SARS-CoV-2 has the potential for application in passive immunization against COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10010128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T20:49:21Z","timestamp":1642452561000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Preclinical Evaluation of Chicken Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) Anti-RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2\u2014A Candidate for Passive Immunization against COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2802-0452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendris","family":"Wongso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Tamansari No. 71, Lb. Siliwangi, Coblong, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-8325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isa","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Tamansari No. 71, Lb. Siliwangi, Coblong, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wyanda","family":"Arnafia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry, PT. Tekad Mandiri Citra, Jl. Mekar Raya Kav. 9, Bandung 40614, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4281-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idar","family":"Idar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Bhakti Kencana, Jl. 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