{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:48:03Z","timestamp":1760150883051,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the declaration of Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), it was clear that vaccination is the best way to overcome it. Sinopharm, AstraZeneca and Pfizer were the first vaccines introduced to defeat it. To recognize the short-term adverse effects among Iraqi health care workers (HCWs) after vaccination, the three COVID-19 vaccines that are currently available in Iraq were compared. An online survey was distributed to Iraqi HCWs who had received at least one of the COVID-19 vaccines as part of a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The total number of participants was 843. The majority of the participants (85.9%) were under 39 years old, with 78.8% of them being females. Around 60% of individuals had received the Pfizer vaccine. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had infected 46.7% of the total participants. A total of 628 out of 843 participants experienced adverse effects after receiving the vaccine, accounting for 74.49% of the overall respondents. After receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, the vast majority of respondents who received the three vaccines experienced pain at the injection site (n = 800), while other side effects like headache, myalgia, tiredness and fever mainly appeared with Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines. Most of the reported adverse effects were tolerable and self-limited and they were linked to the AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:42:26Z","timestamp":1643143346000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Heba M.","family":"Attash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Ninevah 81011, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luma M.","family":"Al-Obaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Ninevah 81011, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harith Kh.","family":"Al-Qazaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Ninevah 81011, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhazmi, A., Alamer, E., Daws, D., Hakami, M., Darraj, M., Abdelwahab, S., Maghfuri, A., and Algaissi, A. (2021). Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060674"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Worafi, Y., Ming, L., Alseragi, W., Dhabali, A., and Al-Shami, A. (2021). Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Frontline Workers in Fujairah, UAE. Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-137445\/v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198114","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccine: A comprehensive status report","volume":"288","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szmyd, B., Karuga, F.F., Bartoszek, A., Staniecka, K., Siwecka, N., Bartoszek, A., B\u0142aszczyk, M., and Radek, M. (2021). Attitude and Behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Poland. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030218"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatmal, M., Al-Hatamleh, M., Olaimat, A., Hatmal, M., Alhaj-Qasem, D., Olaimat, T., and Mohamud, R. (2021). Side Effects and Perceptions Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Jordan: A Randomized, Cross-Sectional Study Implementing Machine Learning for Predicting Severity of Side Effects. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060556"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood, Z., Alrefai, H., Hetta, H.F., Kader, H.A., Munawar, N., Rahman, S.A., Elshaer, S., Batiha, G.E.-S., and Muhammad, K. (2020). Investigating Virological, Immunological, and Pathological Avenues to Identify Potential Targets for Developing COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030443"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2022, January 11). Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (Also Known as COMIRNATY) Overview and Safety, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/different-vaccines\/Pfizer-BioNTech.html."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S310497","article-title":"Minor to Moderate Side Effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Among Saudi Residents: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"Harakeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2022, January 11). Vaxzevria (Previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca). Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.37557\/gjphm.v3i2.99","article-title":"A Comprehensive review of a race of vaccination against COVID-19 virus: The recent vaccines developed","volume":"3","author":"Yahya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. J. Public Health Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.08.013","article-title":"Side Effects and Perceptions Following Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccination","volume":"111","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102207","article-title":"Potential adverse effects of COVID19 vaccines among Iraqi population; a comparison between the three available vaccines in Iraq; a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Almufty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riad, A., Pokorn\u00e1, A., Attia, S., Klugarov\u00e1, J., Ko\u0161\u010d\u00edk, M., and Klugar, M. (2021). Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071428"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120415","article-title":"Pharmacy in Iraq: History, current status, and future directions","volume":"70","author":"Hussain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2020.100061","article-title":"Pfizer: The miracle vaccine for COVID-19?","volume":"1","author":"Badiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.37319\/iqnjm.3.1.9","article-title":"Acceptance Of Covid-19 Vaccine Among General Population In Iraq","volume":"3","author":"Ghazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iraqi Natl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118919","article-title":"DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges","volume":"267","author":"Silveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2021.107098","article-title":"Survey data of COVID-19 vaccine side effects among hospital staff in a national referral hospital in Indonesia","volume":"36","author":"Djanas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana, A., Shahriar, S., Tahsin, R., Mim, S.R., Fatema, K.R., Saha, A., Yesmin, F., Bahar, N.B., Samodder, M., and Mamun, A.H. (2021). A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Self-Reported Adverse Events following Immunization (AEFI) of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9101090"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-011-0568-x","article-title":"Axillary lymph node accumulation on FDG-PET\/CT after influenza vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Shirone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayadevan, R., Shenoy, R., and Ts, M.A. (2021). Survey of Symptoms Following COVID-19 Vaccination in India. medRxiv, 4\u201312.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.08.21251366"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00014-21","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00014-21","article-title":"Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Dampen the Cytokine and Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/2\/186\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:07:20Z","timestamp":1760134040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/2\/186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines10020186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10020186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-393X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}}}