{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:36Z","timestamp":1787030136164,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inoculation with the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus infection-19 (COVID-19) vaccine (BNT162b2) has been approved in Korea. Although it is generally safe, several possible side effects have been reported. The present report describes a 28-year-old woman who developed an intracerebral hemorrhage in her right temporal lobe after the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The patient complained of a persistent headache for four days after the first dose, along with right third nerve palsy and drowsiness. Non-enhanced brain computed tomography confirmed a 5.0 \u00d7 3.7 \u00d7 5.0 cm3-sized intracranial hemorrhage in the right temporal lobe due to the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Transfemoral cerebral angiography revealed that blood was supplied to the AVM by the right middle cerebral artery branch and drained into the right transverse sinus. The patient underwent surgical treatment for AVM nidus removal with hematoma evacuation on the day of admission. Her condition stabilized 10 days postoperatively. These findings indicate that clinicians should be aware that cerebral hemorrhage caused by AVM rupture may be a side effect of inoculation with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10030362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:49:03Z","timestamp":1645994943000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intracranial Hemorrhage Due to Potential Rupture of an Arteriovenous Malformation after BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in a Young Korean Woman: Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Byoung Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2088-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Chul","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04893","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4893","article-title":"COVID-19 outbreak as a probable cause of increased risk of intracranial rebleeding in partially treated cerebral arteriovenous malformations","volume":"9","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760047","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.760047","article-title":"BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 SARS-CoV-2 Post-vaccination Side-Effects Among Saudi Vaccinees","volume":"8","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e279","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00069-0","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness\u2014the elephant (not) in the room","volume":"2","author":"Olliaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e470","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00186-7","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Vuilleumier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26065","article-title":"ANA investigates: Neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"89","author":"Goss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7032e4","article-title":"Use of COVID-19 vaccines after reports of adverse events among adult recipients of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna): Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2014United States, July 2021","volume":"70","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchhorn, R., Meyer, C., Schulze-Forster, K., Junker, J., and Heidecke, H. (2021). Autoantibody Release in Children after Corona Virus mRNA Vaccination: A Risk Factor of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome?. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111353"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.179","article-title":"Biology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with a focus on inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Mouchtouris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Evol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13451","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not free of neurological side effects","volume":"144","author":"Finsterer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-021-00326-7","article-title":"Potential adverse events in Japanese women who received tozinameran (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech)","volume":"14","author":"Shimazawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Policy Pract."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00283-5","article-title":"mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: Principles, delivery and clinical translation","volume":"20","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00012-6","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 inhibition compared with standard management in patients with COVID-19 and hyperinflammation: A cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Cavalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00037-0","article-title":"Perspective of patients with autoimmune diseases on COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"3","author":"Boekel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e402","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00106-5","article-title":"Incident systemic rheumatic disease following COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135","article-title":"Myocarditis with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines","volume":"144","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23862","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023862","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage and COVID-19: Association or coincidence?","volume":"99","author":"Faquini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029335","article-title":"Collagen turnover in relation to risk factors and hemodynamics in human intracranial aneurysms","volume":"51","author":"Hackenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248","article-title":"Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China","volume":"71","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00003-5","article-title":"Thromboses and COVID-19: Reducing inflammation in addition to thromboprophylaxis","volume":"3","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102763","article-title":"Interleukin 1\u03b1: A comprehensive review on the role of IL-1\u03b1 in the pathogenesis and targeted treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"20","author":"Cavalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e224","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30420-3","article-title":"COVID-19 vasculitis and novel vasculitis mimics","volume":"3","author":"McGonagle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010968","article-title":"Brain arteriovenous malformations: A review of natural history, pathobiology, and interventions","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.3.0331","article-title":"Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural history","volume":"58","author":"Graf","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.4.0476","article-title":"A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations","volume":"65","author":"Spetzler","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/3\/362\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:27:26Z","timestamp":1760135246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/3\/362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines10030362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10030362","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]}}}