{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:42Z","timestamp":1760151402805,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Medical Countermeasures Initiative (MCMi) grant #OCET 2021-1565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Medical Countermeasures Initiative (MCMi) grant #OCET 2021-1565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In healthy adults, hybrid immunity induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by two doses of mRNA vaccination provide protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the role of hybrid immunity in autoimmune patients against Omicron is not well documented. Here, we report a young autoimmune patient with prior infection and two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccination who was exposed to Omicron and developed a symptomatic disease. Prior to Omicron infection, the patient had strong neutralizing antibody titers against the vaccine strain, but no neutralization of Omicron. Post Omicron infection, high neutralizing titers against Omicron were observed. Furthermore, enhanced neutralizing antibody titers against other variants of concern\u2014Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta\u2014were observed, suggesting an expansion of cross-reactive memory B-cell response by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Autoimmune patients may require careful monitoring of immune function over time to optimize booster vaccine administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10030450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:36:23Z","timestamp":1647401783000},"page":"450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Following Breakthrough Omicron Infection in an Autoimmune Patient with Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis, Pernicious Anemia, and Chronic Atrophic Autoimmune Gastritis: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Cluff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Bellusci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surender","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02758-6","article-title":"Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","author":"Karim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Wang, R., Gilby, N.B., and Wei, G.W. 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Dis, jiab635.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.08.21263095"}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/3\/450\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:36:38Z","timestamp":1760135798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/3\/450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines10030450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10030450","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-393X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}}}