{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:59:01Z","timestamp":1764331141031,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17dk0110024 and 20dk0310101h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17dk0110024 and 20dk0310101h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of the Japa-nese Government","award":["18K08133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K08133"]}]},{"name":"The General Insurance Association of Japan","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Four patients with secondary lower limb lymphedema developed cellulitis at their lymphedema lesion following COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations. They did not develop adverse effects at their vaccination site. All the patients were Japanese females aged &lt;60 years. Three patients developed cellulitis following the first vaccination. The date of onset of cellulitis following the first vaccination varied from 0 to 21 days. Two received BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines and the others received mRNA-1273 vaccines. All the patients were treated with oral antibiotics and recovered. Two patients had repeated cellulitis. The patients with the repeated development of cellulitis could not perform good skincare. One patient had joint contractures in their lower limbs and could not reach her lymphedema lesions, and the other patient could not master the skincare. According to previous studies, the development of cellulitis following vaccination was rare. In this study, four patients aged &lt;60 years developed cellulitis among the eight patients that regularly visited our hospital for rehabilitation for their lower limb lymphedema. In patients with lymphedema, prolonged inflammation may impair lymphatic functions and worsen edema. Therefore, at the time of vaccination, we should keep in mind the prevention and immediate management of cellulitis using intensive skincare and antibiotic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1648416685000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Frequent Onsets of Cellulitis in Lower Limbs with Lymphedema Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7110-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuma","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Dysphagia of Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Matashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaku","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tshubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Furusawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Dysphagia of Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Ichi","family":"Izumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Dysphagia of Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2140364","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40364","article-title":"Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Type and Adverse Effects Following Vaccination","volume":"4","author":"Beatty","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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