{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:41:33Z","timestamp":1782823293422,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination is an effective and economically viable means of protection against the influenza virus, but due to rapid viral evolution, modern seasonal vaccines are not effective enough. Next-generation vaccines are designed to provide protection against a wide range of influenza virus strains, including pandemic variants. In our work, we made an epitope-based universal vaccine, rMVA-k1-k2, against the influenza virus based on the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector and using our own algorithms to select epitopes from conserved fragments of the NP, M1 and HA proteins of influenza A and B. We show that double immunization protects mice with a 67% or greater efficiency against viral influenza pneumonia when infected with various strains of the H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H5N1 subtypes of influenza A. In animals, the level of protection provided by the rMVA-k1-k2 vaccine was comparable to that provided by the universal M001 and MVA-NP+M1 (Invictus) vaccines, which have shown success in clinical trials, against strains of the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:45:51Z","timestamp":1648590351000},"page":"534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of a Universal Epitope-Based Influenza Vaccine and Evaluation of Its Effectiveness in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ramil R.","family":"Mintaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 119833 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina V.","family":"Glazkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 119833 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Orlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 119833 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Bogoslovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 119833 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"German A.","family":"Shipulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 119833 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","article-title":"Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: A modelling study","volume":"39","author":"Iuliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flahault, A., Vergu, E., and Bo\u00eblle, P.Y. 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