{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:24:34Z","timestamp":1769041474473,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/01569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/01569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/01090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/01090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We conducted an age-based risk analysis of meningococcal disease in Spain to provide prospects on a rational vaccine schedule in pediatrics. We used the National Hospital Registry to estimate meningococcal hospitalization rate. Population census for each year was used as the denominator in computing the hospitalization rate. We computed the odds ratio of each age using &lt;1 year old as a reference group. From 1998 to 2017, 13,554 hospitalized cases were diagnosed, with a declining trend across the years. Infants (&lt;1 year, n = 2425) and children (1\u201314 years, n = 6053) comprised the majority of all hospitalized meningococcal disease in Spain (62.5% or 8474\/13,554). The incidence of hospitalization decreased dramatically with age from 56.2\/100,000 in &lt;1-year-old children to 1.3\/100,000 in &gt;5-year-old children. There was a dramatic decline in risk in 1 year (OR 0.58) to 4 years of age (OR 0.21). The risk continued to decline until 13 years old. Afterward, it had a minimal upward trajectory observed at 14\u201317 years old (OR 0.08). Infants and adolescents are at continued risk of invasive meningococcal disease in Spain. The highest risk occurs in infants. Surveillance data, together with evidence on long-term immunogenicity and capacity for herd effect, should be considered for a more relevant immunization schedule.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1649803725000},"page":"592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Analysis by Age on the Burden of Meningococcal Disease in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Rivero-Calle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain"},{"name":"Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Galicia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Francis","family":"Raguindin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"Pardo-Seco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Galicia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Martinon-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain"},{"name":"Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Galicia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Grupo de Trabajo Criterios 2011 (2013). 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