{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:01:08Z","timestamp":1760151668296,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H30-SUKOYAKA-IPPAN-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H30-SUKOYAKA-IPPAN-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to identify the factors predicting rubella vaccination status based on self-reported data and the presence of sufficient rubella antibody titers in pregnant women in Japan. We used the results of the nationwide questionnaire survey conducted at obstetric facilities in the Pregnant Women Health Initiative Project (PWHI), with 23 participating hospitals recruiting pregnant women from June 2018\u2013November 2019. We extracted age, the number of deliveries, educational level, household income, pre-pregnancy smoking, and knowledge of rubella from questionnaires and medical records. We analyzed the association of rubella vaccination status and antibodies with each of these factors. We found that the number of previous deliveries, educational level, annual household income, smoking before pregnancy, and knowledge of rubella were factors predicting self-reported rubella vaccination status, while age and the number of previous deliveries were identified as factors predicting the presence of sufficient rubella antibody titers (32 folds or higher). Women considering pregnancy should be immunized against rubella to prevent congenital rubella syndrome in the future. Furthermore, social policies are needed to strongly encourage vaccination, especially for all citizens who were not given the opportunity or missed the chance to be vaccinated against rubella.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1650414163000},"page":"638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors Predicting Rubella Vaccination and Antibody in Pregnant Women in Japan: A Report from Pregnant Women Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Iwata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kurasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Information Management, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mizuha","family":"Odagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonates, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonates, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama 245-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etsuko","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, September 28). 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