{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:46:36Z","timestamp":1793115996081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis is a group of infections, caused by multiple fungal species, which affect many human organs and is lethal in immunocompromised patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current wave of mucormycosis is a challenge to medical professionals as its effects are multiplied because of the severity of COVID-19 infection. The variant of concern, Omicron, has been linked to fatal mucormycosis infections in the US and Asia. Consequently, current postdiagnostic treatments of mucormycosis have been rendered unsatisfactory. In this hour of need, a preinfection cure is needed that may prevent lethal infections in immunocompromised individuals. This study proposes a potential vaccine construct targeting mucor and rhizopus species responsible for mucormycosis infections, providing immunoprotection to immunocompromised patients. The vaccine construct, with an antigenicity score of 0.75 covering, on average, 92\u201398% of the world population, was designed using an immunoinformatics approach. Molecular interactions with major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-I), Toll-like receptors-2 (TLR2), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), with scores of \u2212896.0, \u2212948.4, and \u2212925.0, respectively, demonstrated its potential to bind with the human immune receptors. It elicited a strong predicted innate and adaptive immune response in the form of helper T (Th) cells, cytotoxic T (TC) cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. The vaccine cloned in the pBR322 vector showed positive amplification, further solidifying its stability and potential. The proposed construct holds a promising approach as the first step towards an antimucormycosis vaccine and may contribute to minimizing postdiagnostic burdens and failures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T02:22:02Z","timestamp":1650766922000},"page":"664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A Vaccine Construction against COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Contrived with Immunoinformatics-Based Scavenging of Potential Mucoralean Epitopes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Naveed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urooj","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan Noor","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahabe Saquib","family":"Abullais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abdul","family":"Kader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2009-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Marya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Alessandro","family":"Scardina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-019-0337-1","article-title":"Mucormycosis: Pathogenesis and pathology","volume":"13","author":"Challa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spellberg, B., and Maertens, J. (2019). Mucormycosis. Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9034-4_34"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldin, C., and Ibrahim, A.S. (2017). Molecular mechanisms of mucormycosis\u2014The bitter and the sweet. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006408"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13802","article-title":"Managing mucormycosis in diabetic patients: A case report with critical review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Beiglboeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2251-0","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs in oncogenic viral infections: Potential diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"2","author":"Hasham","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"29","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus as the major risk factor for mucormycosis in Mexico: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and outcomes of reported cases","volume":"56","author":"Walsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports","volume":"25","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serris, A., Danion, F., and Lanternier, F.J.J.O.F. (2019). Disease entities in mucormycosis. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010023"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13256","article-title":"The double-edged sword of systemic corticosteroid therapy in viral pneumonia: A case report and comparative review of influenza-associated mucormycosis versus COVID-19 associated mucormycosis","volume":"64","author":"Ahmadikia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1710","article-title":"COVID-19 and public awareness","volume":"27","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prof. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zurl, C., Hoenigl, M., Schulz, E., Hatzl, S., Gorkiewicz, G., Krause, R., Eller, P., and Prattes, J. (2021). Autopsy proven pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus in a critically ill COVID-19 patient with underlying hematological malignancy. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020088"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E97","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.17.013","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Mucormycosis in Patients withHematological Malignancies [Translated Article]","volume":"58","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2021.03.006","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis in a patient with COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sipsas, N.V., Gamaletsou, M.N., Anastasopoulou, A., and Kontoyiannis, D.P. (2018). Therapy of mucormycosis. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030090"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"769","article-title":"Isolated bilateral renal mucormycosis in apparently immunocompetent patients\u2014A case series from India and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Bhadauria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07234.x","article-title":"The high affinity iron permease is a key virulence factor required for Rhizopus oryzae pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2021.1939308","article-title":"Mucormycosis medications: A patent review","volume":"31","author":"Imran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104398","article-title":"Designing an efficient multi-epitope vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni using immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology approach","volume":"147","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elamin Elhasan, L.M., Hassan, M.B., Elhassan, R.M., Abdelrhman, F.A., Salih, E.A., Ibrahim, H.A., Mohamed, A.A., Osman, H.S., Khalil, M.S.M., and Alsafi, A.A. (2021). Epitope-based peptide vaccine design against fructose bisphosphate aldolase of Candida glabrata: An immunoinformatics approach. J. Immunol. Res.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.03.180430"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhuri, R., and Ramachandran, S. (2017). Immunoinformatics as a tool for new antifungal vaccines. Vaccines for Invasive Fungal Infections, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7104-6_3"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W502","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz452","article-title":"IEDB-AR: Immune epitope database\u2014Analysis resource in 2019","volume":"47","author":"Dhanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoenigl, M., Seidel, D., Carvalho, A., Rudramurthy, S.M., Arastehfar, A., Gangneux, J.-P., Nasir, N., Bonifaz, A., Araiza, J., and Klimko, N. (2022). The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: A review of cases from 18 countries. Lancet Microbe.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3844587"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: A review of 929 reported cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.04.010","article-title":"Design of a novel multiple epitope-based vaccine: An immunoinformatics approach to combat SARS-CoV-2 strains","volume":"14","author":"Naveed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57906-x","article-title":"In silico design of a multivalent vaccine against Candida albicans","volume":"10","author":"Tarang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2020.1794165","article-title":"Immunoinformatics design of multiepitopes peptide-based universal cancer vaccine using matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein as a target","volume":"44","author":"Abdelmoneim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1770127","article-title":"Design of multi-epitope vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2: A in-silico study","volume":"39","author":"Srihansa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, C.-S., Cheng, C.-W., Su, W.-C., Chang, K.-C., Huang, S.-W., Hwang, J.-K., and Lu, C.-H. (2014). CELLO2GO: A web server for protein subCELlular LOcalization prediction with functional gene ontology annotation. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099368"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7.6.649","article-title":"PowerBLAST: A new network BLAST application for interactive or automated sequence analysis and annotation","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","article-title":"VaxiJen: A server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Doytchinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimitrov, I., Flower, D.R., and Doytchinova, I. (2013). AllerTOP-a server for in silico prediction of allergens. BMC Bioinform., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-S6-S4"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00367a013","article-title":"New hydrophilicity scale derived from high-performance liquid chromatography peptide retention data: Correlation of predicted surface residues with antigenicity and X-ray-derived accessible sites","volume":"25","author":"Parker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)80535-Q","article-title":"A semi-empirical method for prediction of antigenic determinants on protein antigens","volume":"276","author":"Kolaskar","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914677117","article-title":"Improved protein structure prediction using predicted interresidue orientations","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.24858","article-title":"Effective protein model structure refinement by loop modeling and overall relaxation","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteins: Struct. Funct. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228148","article-title":"AQUA and PROCHECK-NMR: Programs for checking the quality of protein structures solved by NMR","volume":"8","author":"Laskowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomol. NMR"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020916","article-title":"Verification of protein structures: Patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions","volume":"2","author":"Colovos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/356083a0","article-title":"Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles","volume":"356","author":"Luthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-514","article-title":"ElliPro: A new structure-based tool for the prediction of antibody epitopes","volume":"9","author":"Ponomarenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-4528-2","article-title":"Modeling the MHC class I pathway by combining predictions of proteasomal cleavage, TAP transport and MHC class I binding","volume":"62","author":"Tenzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-005-0798-y","article-title":"Automated generation and evaluation of specific MHC binding predictive tools: ARB matrix applications","volume":"57","author":"Bui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-005-0781-7","article-title":"The role of the proteasome in generating cytotoxic T-cell epitopes: Insights obtained from improved predictions of proteasomal cleavage","volume":"57","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-153","article-title":"Predicting population coverage of T-cell epitope-based diagnostics and vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Bui","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W72","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki396","article-title":"SCRATCH: A protein structure and structural feature prediction server","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Kapoor, P., Chaudhary, K., Gautam, A., Kumar, R., Consortium, O.S.D.D., and Raghava, G.P. (2013). In silico approach for predicting toxicity of peptides and proteins. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073957"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W402","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz297","article-title":"The PSIPRED protein analysis workbench: 20 years on","volume":"47","author":"Buchan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu744","article-title":"DISOPRED3: Precise disordered region predictions with annotated protein-binding activity","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-159","article-title":"Transmembrane protein topology prediction using support vector machines","volume":"10","author":"Nugent","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2174\/138920307780363415","article-title":"Computer-assisted protein domain boundary prediction using the Dom-Pred server","volume":"8","author":"Bryson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11994-0","article-title":"Deep learning extends de novo protein modelling coverage of genomes using iteratively predicted structural constraints","volume":"10","author":"Greener","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.25779","article-title":"Prediction of interresidue contacts with DeepMetaPSICOV in CASP13","volume":"87","author":"Kandathil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proteins: Struct. Funct. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20530","article-title":"Main-chain conformational tendencies of amino acids","volume":"60","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proteins: Struct. Funct. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, J.M. (2005). Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server. The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1385\/1592598900"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx345","article-title":"Protein\u2013Sol: A web tool for predicting protein solubility from sequence","volume":"33","author":"Hebditch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D437","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1038","article-title":"RCSB Protein Data Bank: Powerful new tools for exploring 3D structures of biological macromolecules for basic and applied research and education in fundamental biology, biomedicine, biotechnology, bioengineering and energy sciences","volume":"49","author":"Burley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2020.06.006","article-title":"Performance and its limits in rigid body protein-protein docking","volume":"28","author":"Desta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw638","article-title":"PyMod 2.0: Improvements in protein sequence-structure analysis and homology modeling within PyMOL","volume":"33","author":"Janson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts139","article-title":"MDWeb and MDMoby: An integrated web-based platform for molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"28","author":"Hospital","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki376","article-title":"JCat: A novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host","volume":"33","author":"Grote","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr335","article-title":"Immune system simulation online","volume":"27","author":"Rapin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/5\/664\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:58:46Z","timestamp":1760137126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/5\/664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines10050664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10050664","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]}}}