{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:27:06Z","timestamp":1783607226006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFC2301703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2301703"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an infectious disease that presents a major threat to human health. Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, is ineffective against latent TB infection, necessitating the development of further TB drugs or therapeutic vaccines. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a novel subunit vaccine AEC\/BC02 after chemotherapy in a spontaneous Mtb relapse model. Immunotherapy followed 4 weeks of treatment with isoniazid and rifapentine, and bacterial loads in organs, pathological changes, and adaptive immune characteristics were investigated. The results showed slowly increased bacterial loads in the spleen and lungs of mice inoculated with AEC\/BC02 with significantly lower loads than those of the control groups. Pathological scores for the liver, spleen, and lungs decreased accordingly. Moreover, AEC\/BC02 induced antigen-specific IFN-\u03b3-secreting or IL-2-secreting cellular immune responses, which decreased with the number of immunizations and times. Obvious Ag85b- and EC-specific IgG were observed in mice following the treatment with AEC\/BC02, indicating a significant Th1-biased response. Taken together, these data suggest that AEC\/BC02 immunotherapy post-chemotherapy may shorten future TB treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T05:12:27Z","timestamp":1653455547000},"page":"825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Therapeutic Effect of Subunit Vaccine AEC\/BC02 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Post-Chemotherapy Relapse Using a Latent Infection Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jinbiao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongge","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.037","article-title":"Novel vaccine candidates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"120","author":"Khoshnood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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