{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:28:00Z","timestamp":1793294880813,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: By summer 2021, overseas France turned COVID-19 vaccine and immunity certificates into passports to open travel bubbles. Subsequently, its territories set French records for both COVID-19 and 6-month excess all-cause mortality. (2) Methods: Official time series were collected to compare time correlations between air traffic and COVID-19 transmission and mortality in overseas France, before and after the implementation of immunity passports. (3) Results: Air traffic initially had a reversed relationship with COVID-19, which transitioned into a leader\u2013follower relationship with the introduction of immunity passports. Essentially, air traffic increased 16 days before COVID-19 cases increased (r = 0.61) and 26 days before deaths increased (r = 0.31) in Martinique, 26 days (r = 0.72) and 40 days (r = 0.82) before in Guadeloupe, and 29 days (r = 0.60) and 31 days (r = 0.41) before in R\u00e9union upon introduction of immunity passports. Moreover, air traffic became as correlated as community transmission to COVID-19 mortality in Guadeloupe. (4) Conclusions: Since the introduction of immunity passports, air traffic has been pacesetting COVID-19 within one month for transmission, and within an additional two weeks for mortality in overseas France. Responding to WHO\u2019s call for real-world evidence, this study suggests that COVID-19 passports are not commensurate with health system goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10060852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1653974742000},"page":"852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Vaccine and Immunity Passports in the Context of COVID-19: A Time Series Analysis in Overseas France"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5837-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"d\u2019Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"French Transport Ministry (2021). 2020 Statistical Bulletin\u2014Commercial Air Traffic (Bulletin Statistique 2020\u2014Trafic A\u00e9rien Commercial), French Transport Ministry."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"French Transport Ministry (2020). 2019 Statistical Bulletin\u2014Commercial Air Traffic (Bulletin Statistique 2019\u2014Trafic A\u00e9rien Commercial), French Transport Ministry."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"French Ecology Ministry (2022, February 02). 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