{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:59:14Z","timestamp":1792807154408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nebraska Experiment Station with funds from the Animal Health and Disease Research","award":["section 1433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["section 1433"]}]},{"name":"Nebraska Experiment Station with funds from the Animal Health and Disease Research","award":["1002196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1002196"]}]},{"name":"Nebraska Experiment Station with funds from the Animal Health and Disease Research","award":["1007070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1007070"]}]},{"name":"Nebraska Experiment Station with funds from the Animal Health and Disease Research","award":["1017646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017646"]}]},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture","award":["section 1433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["section 1433"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01na82s61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture","award":["1002196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1002196"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01na82s61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture","award":["1007070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1007070"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01na82s61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture","award":["1017646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017646"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01na82s61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A randomized control trial was performed over a five-year period to assess the efficacy and antibody response induced by autogenous and commercial vaccine formulations against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Calves were randomly assigned each year to one of three arms: an autogenous vaccine treatment that included Moraxella bovis (M. bovis), Moraxella bovoculi, and Mycoplasma bovoculi antigens, a commercial M. bovis vaccine treatment, or a sham vaccine treatment that consisted only of adjuvant. A total of 1198 calves were enrolled in the study. Calves were administered the respective vaccines approximately 21 days apart, just prior to turnout on summer pastures. Treatment effects were analyzed for IBK incidence, retreatment incidence, 205-day adjusted weaning weights, and antibody response to the type IV pilus protein (pili) of M. bovis as measured by a novel indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA). Calves vaccinated with the autogenous formulation experienced a decreased cumulative incidence of IBK over the entire study compared to those vaccinated with the commercial and sham formulations (24.5% vs. 30.06% vs. 30.3%, respectively, p = 0.25), and had less IBK cases that required retreatment compared to the commercial and sham formulations (21.4% vs. 27.9% vs. 34.3%, respectively, p = 0.15), but these differences were not significant. The autogenous formulation induced a significantly stronger antibody response than the commercial (p = 0.022) and sham formulations (p = 0.001), but antibody levels were not significantly correlated with IBK protection (p = 0.37).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10060916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T06:31:59Z","timestamp":1655101919000},"page":"916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Five Year Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Antibody Responses to a Commercial and Autogenous Vaccine for the Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Hille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5184-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Spangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Clawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly D.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8084-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiep L. X.","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel E. S.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0963, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Dustin","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"618","article-title":"Economic impact of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in beef calves","volume":"72","author":"Killinger","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Small Anim. 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