{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:51:59Z","timestamp":1760230319369,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005149","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005149","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission, Beijing Demonstration Research Ward","award":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XK320068","2020-I2M-2-007","International Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development Platform 2015","BCRW20200303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: mRNA-based cancer vaccines have been considered a promising anticancer therapeutic approach against various cancers, yet their efficacy for malignant mesothelioma (MESO) is still not clear. The present study is designed to identify MESO antigens that have the potential for mRNA vaccine development, and to determine the immune subtypes for the selection of suitable patients. Methods: A total of 87 MESO datasets were used for the retrieval of RNA sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The possible antigens were identified by a survival and a genome analysis. The samples were divided into two immune subtypes by the application of a consensus clustering algorithm. The functional annotation was also carried out by using the DAVID program. Furthermore, the characterization of each immune subtype related to the immune microenvironment was integrated by an immunogenomic analysis. A protein\u2013protein interaction network was established to categorize the hub genes. Results: The five tumor antigens were identified in MESO. FAM134B, ALDH3A2, SAV1, and RORC were correlated with superior prognoses and the infiltration of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), while FN1 was associated with poor survival and the infiltration of APCs. Two immune subtypes were identified; TM2 exhibited significantly improved survival and was more likely to benefit from vaccination compared with TM1. TM1 was associated with a relatively quiet microenvironment, high tumor mutation burden, and enriched DNA damage repair pathways. The immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators were also differentially expressed between two subtypes. Finally, FN1 was identified to be the hub gene. Conclusions: FAM134B, ALDH3A2, SAV1, RORC, and FN1 are considered as possible and effective mRNA anti-MESO antigens for the development of an mRNA vaccine, and TM2 patients are the most suitable for vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1658724767000},"page":"1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of Tumor Antigens and Immune Subtypes of Malignant Mesothelioma for mRNA Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shuhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiwen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yale","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huilei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Center, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, 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