{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:07:24Z","timestamp":1775228844583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune endocrine diseases (AIED), are thought to develop following environmental exposure in patients with genetic predisposition. The vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could represent a new environmental trigger for AIED, including Graves\u2019 disease (GD). (2) Methods: We performed a literature search of MEDLINE\/PubMed databases regarding thyroid dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination since 1 January 2020 to 31 July 2022, considering only cases of thyrotoxicosis that meet the 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines criteria for the diagnosis of GD and arising after administration of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, regardless of the number of doses. (3) Results: A total of 27 articles were identified, consisting of case reports or case series, of which 24 describe the appearance of 48 new diagnoses of GD and 12 GD recurrences arising after the administration of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and 3 papers that instead report only 3 cases of GD relapse following vaccination. (4) Conclusions: physicians should be aware of the possibility of developing GD and other autoimmune sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Regardless of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms (autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome), cytokines induction, molecular mimicry, and cross-reactivity), an individual predisposition seems to be decisive for their development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T20:50:27Z","timestamp":1662670227000},"page":"1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Graves\u2019 Disease Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1090-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Patrizio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia Martina","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina Rosaria","family":"Paparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Mazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5211-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poupak","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, July 31). 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