{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:43:51Z","timestamp":1791251031627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An objective of the present studies was to compare the protective effects of two European licensed canine tetravalent leptospirosis vaccines, Nobivac L4 and Versican Plus L4. Four similar challenge studies in beagle dogs were performed. In each study the dogs were assigned to one of three treatment groups as follows: group 1, Nobivac L4; group 2, Versican Plus L4; group 3, non-vaccinated control group. Two vaccinations were followed by a Leptospira challenge. Strains of the following serogroups were used for challenge: study 1, Grippotyphosa; study 2, Icterohaemorrhagiae; study 3, Canicola; study 4, Australis. Parameters of efficacy were antibody titres; body temperature; clinical signs; cultures of Leptospira bacteria from the blood, urine, kidney and liver; rapid urinalysis; macroscopic and histopathological examination at necropsy. It was concluded that compared to vaccination with Versican Plus L4, vaccination with Nobivac L4 resulted in generally better control of leptospirosis disease parameters after the challenge including a complete prevention of the clinical signs following a Grippotyphosa and Icterohaemorrhagiae challenge. In contrast, vaccination with Versican Plus L4 only prevented infection by Australis and shedding by Grippotyphosa and Australis but it did not lead to any statistically significant reduction of either infection or shedding following an Icterohaemorrhagiae challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T20:50:27Z","timestamp":1662670227000},"page":"1472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Assessment and Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Licensed Tetravalent Leptospira Vaccines for Dogs Using an Improved Challenge Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Henricus Leo Bernardus Maria","family":"Klaasen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animals Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark van der","family":"Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animals Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina Maria","family":"Dorrestein-Spierenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animals Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7104-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research, MSD Animal Health, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012","article-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis","volume":"140","author":"Adler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2020-0021","article-title":"Serogroup Sejroe Serovar Hardjo in Aborting Cows: Two Herd Cases in Sicily (Italy)","volume":"64","author":"Grippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_2","article-title":"Systematics of Leptospiraceae","volume":"387","author":"Levett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leptospira Leptospirosis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler, B. (2015). 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