{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:44:52Z","timestamp":1777675492208,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral cancer is a significant non-communicable disease affecting both emergent nations and developed countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represent the eight major familiar cancer types worldwide, accounting for more than 350,000 established cases every year. Oral cancer is one of the most exigent tumors to control and treat. The survival rate of oral cancer is poor due to local invasion along with recurrent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment contains a different population of cells, such as fibroblasts associated with cancer, immune-infiltrating cells, and other extracellular matrix non-components. Metastasis in a primary site is mainly due to multifaceted progression known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For the period of EMT, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal cell functional and structural characteristics, which lead to cell migration enhancement and promotion of the dissemination of tumor cells. The present review links the tumor microenvironment and the role of EMT in inflammation, transcriptional factors, receptor involvement, microRNA, and other signaling events. It would, in turn, help to better understand the mechanism behind the tumor microenvironment and EMT during oral cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T20:50:27Z","timestamp":1662670227000},"page":"1490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular Crosstalk between the Immunological Mechanism of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaviyarasi","family":"Renu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sathishkumar","family":"Vinayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 635205, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishnu Priya","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban Goutam","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uddesh Ramesh","family":"Wanjari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. S.","family":"Prabakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balachandar","family":"Vellingiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabariswaran","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy Research, Jiangsu University, No 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4361-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gnanasambandan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5971-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Priya","family":"Doss C","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abilash Valsala","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656364","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.656364","article-title":"Aspects of the tumor microenvironment involved in immune resistance and drug resistance","volume":"12","author":"Khalaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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