{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:50:20Z","timestamp":1762300220195,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSP-2021\/339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/339"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 primary receptors and co-receptors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, FURIN, and CD147) enhance the likeliness of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The genes for same receptors are overexpressed in the periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients. On the other hand, BMAL1 is recognized to play a crucial role in regulating pulmonary inflammation and enhancing susceptibility to viral infection. Silenced BMAL1 disrupts circadian transcriptional regulations, enhances vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infections, and may trigger the further production of TNF-\u03b1 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines that propagate the cytokine storm and exacerbate periodontal inflammation. Therefore ACE2, TMPRSS2, FURIN, CD147, and BMAL1 are the crossroads between SARS-CoV-2 and Periodontitis genes. The enhanced expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, FURIN, and CD147 and the diminished expression of BMAL1 may be a strategy to check both ailments simultaneously. In gene manipulation techniques, oligos are introduced, which contain all the necessary information to manipulate gene expression. The data are derived from the studies on genes\u2019 molecular patterns, including nucleotide composition, dinucleotide patterns, relative synonymous codon usage, codon usage bias, codon context, and rare and abundant codons. Such information may be used to manipulate the overexpression and underexpression of the genes at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection and periodontitis to mitigate both ailments simultaneously; it can be explored to uncover possible future treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:10:46Z","timestamp":1667790646000},"page":"1874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Codon Usage and Context Analysis of Genes Modulated during SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Dental Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rekha","family":"Khandia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462020, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5955-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azmat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2632-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Rzhepakovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Biological Faculty, North Caucasus Federal University, 355009 Stavropol, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Gurjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohmed","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, India"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","article-title":"Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review","volume":"324","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.005","article-title":"Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2","volume":"81","author":"Azzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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