{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:20:45Z","timestamp":1790677245380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cross-protection from previous live attenuated vaccines is proposed to explain the low impact of COVID-19 on children. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of live attenuated MMR vaccines on the risk of being hospitalized for COVID-19 in children. An exposed (MMR vaccine)\u2013non-exposed cohort study was conducted using the nationwide French National Health Data System (SNDS). We included children born between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019. Exposure was defined as a claim of at least one dose of MMR vaccine since birth. Hospitalization for COVID-19 was defined using main diagnostic ICD10 codes. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of the association between MMR exposure and hospitalization for COVID-19, controlling for socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, co-morbidities, and general health. In total, 6,800,542 (median age 6 IQR [3\u20138] years) children exposed to a MMR vaccine and 384,162 (6 [3\u20139] years) not exposed were followed up with for 18 months. Among them, 873 exposed to the MMR vaccine and 38 who were not exposed were hospitalized for COVID-19. In a multi-variate analysis, the exposure of children to MMR vaccination was not associated with a decreased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization versus non-exposure (aOR (95%CI) = 1.09 [0.81\u20131.48]). A stratified analysis by age showed an aOR = 1.03 [0.64\u20131.66] for children aged 1\u20134, an aOR = 1.38 [0.82\u20132.31] for those aged 5\u20139, and an aOR = 1.11 [0.54\u20132.29] for those aged 10\u201312. Our study suggests that the live attenuated MMR vaccine does not protect children against COVID-19 hospitalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1668565887000},"page":"1938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Does Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination Protect against COVID-19 Outcomes: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4649-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Epiphane","family":"Kolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE (Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products), French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products, French National Health Insurance, CEDEX, 93285 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Paris-Saclay, University Versailles Saint Quentin, Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, 78180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8687-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Weill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE (Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products), French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products, French National Health Insurance, CEDEX, 93285 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Desplas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE (Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products), French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products, French National Health Insurance, CEDEX, 93285 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8305-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Semenzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE (Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products), French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products, French National Health Insurance, CEDEX, 93285 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Zureik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE (Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products), French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products, French National Health Insurance, CEDEX, 93285 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Paris-Saclay, University Versailles Saint Quentin, Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, 78180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamiae","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit AP-HP, Paris-Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincare, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin\u2014University Paris Saclay, INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP, Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, 78180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000044","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000044","article-title":"Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as at 22 January 2020","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100158","article-title":"Chronic diseases, health conditions and risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the first wave of the epidemic in France: A cohort study of 66 million people","volume":"8","author":"Semenzato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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