{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:36:16Z","timestamp":1790840176899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, KSA","award":["RGP. 2\/181\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP. 2\/181\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue fever is one of the significant fatal mosquito-borne viral diseases and is considered to be a worldwide problem. Aedes mosquito is responsible for transmitting various serotypes of dengue viruses to humans. Dengue incidence has developed prominently throughout the world in the last ten years. The exact number of dengue cases is underestimated, whereas plenty of cases are misdiagnosed as alternative febrile sicknesses. There is an estimation that about 390 million dengue cases occur annually. Dengue fever encompasses a wide range of clinical presentations, usually with undefinable clinical progression and outcome. The diagnosis of dengue depends on serology tests, molecular diagnostic methods, and antigen detection tests. The therapeutic approach relies completely on supplemental drugs, which is far from the real approach. Vaccines for dengue disease are in various stages of development. The commercial formulation Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) is accessible and developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The vaccine candidate Dengvaxia was inefficient in liberating a stabilized immune reaction toward different serotypes (1\u20134) of dengue fever. Numerous promising vaccine candidates are now being developed in preclinical and clinical stages even though different serotypes of DENV exist that worsen the situation for a vaccine to be equally effective for all serotypes. Thus, the development of an efficient dengue fever vaccine candidate requires time. Effective dengue fever management can be a multidisciplinary challenge, involving international cooperation from diverse perspectives and expertise to resolve this global concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:24:34Z","timestamp":1668655474000},"page":"1940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Preparedness for the Dengue Epidemic: Vaccine as a Viable Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0573-4129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md.","family":"Zeyaullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khursheed","family":"Muzammil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9433-1913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"AlShahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9500-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shane","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8831-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razi","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8544-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajihul H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","volume":"496","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12209","article-title":"Molecular characterization of dengue and chikungunya virus strains circulating in New Delhi, India","volume":"58","author":"Afreen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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