{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:00:31Z","timestamp":1791000031278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia","award":["IFKSURG-2-636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFKSURG-2-636"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human monkeypox is an emerging viral zoonotic disease, that has caused highly distinctive, challenging and threatening problems worldwide. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has given interim authorization for the JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 vaccines for the outbreak of monkeypox 2022. The present study aims to highlight the globally derived evidence about the biological and pharmacological features, indications, contraindications and adverse effects of JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 vaccines. Initially, 82 documents were selected and, finally, 14 fact sheets, documents and international organizations were included. The data were recorded from the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) USA, ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus. The data revealed that the JYNNEOS vaccine has been recommended to children, adults, females during pregnancy and people of all age groups with a dose of 0.5 mL, and the complete vaccination cost per person is about USD 115. It provides immunogenicity, and the mean titer of neutralizing antibodies was 153.5. However, the ACAM2000 vaccine is contraindicated in infants and pregnant females, and recommended to people over 18 years of age and older, with a single dose of 0.0025 mL, and a cost of about USD 139. ACAM2000 provides immunogenicity, and the mean titer of neutralizing antibodies was 79.3. The JYNNEOS vaccine has mild adverse effects including pain, redness, swelling or itching at the site of the vaccine shot, fever, fatigue, headache, nausea and muscle pain. However, the ACAM2000 vaccine can cause pain, redness, edema, headache, fever, fatigue, muscle pain, body ache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath and increased risk of myopericarditis and cardiomyopathy. The evidence supports the view that both vaccines are beneficial, but the overall impact of JYNNEOS is better than that of ACAM2000.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:09:30Z","timestamp":1669000170000},"page":"1971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications and Adverse Effects of JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 Monkeypox Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan Ayoub","family":"Meo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Al-Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Klonoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA 94401, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Nasser","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamir","family":"Al-khlaiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meo, S.A., Al-Khlaiwi, T., Aljofan, Z.F., Alanazi, A.I., and Meo, A.S. (2022). Public Perceptions of the Emerging Human Monkeypox Disease and Vaccination in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091534"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2022, November 06). 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak Global Map, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/monkeypox\/response\/2022\/world-map.html."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"465","article-title":"Human monkeypox: Secondary attack rates","volume":"66","author":"Jezek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-02931-1","article-title":"How deadly is monkeypox? What scientists know","volume":"609","author":"Kozlov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, November 06). Monkeypox, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/monkeypox."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See, K.C. (2022). Vaccination for Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans: A Review of Key Considerations. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081342"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration FDA-US (2022, October 04). Monkeypox Update: FDA Authorizes Emergency Use of JYNNEOS Vaccine to Increase Vaccine Supply, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/monkeypox-update-fda-authorizes-emergency-use-jynneos-vaccine-increase-vaccine-supply."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelaal, A., Reda, A., Lashin, B.I., Katamesh, B.E., Brakat, A.M., Al-Manaseer, B.M., Kaur, S., Asija, A., Patel, N.K., and Basnyat, S. (2022). Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202207.0232.v1"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, October 06). Safety of Smallpox Vaccines\u2013December, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/groups\/global-advisory-committee-on-vaccine-safety\/topics\/smallpox-vaccines."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Food & Drug Administration US (FDA) (2022, October 05). ACAM2000 (Smallpox Vaccine) Questions and Answers, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/vaccines\/acam2000-smallpox-vaccine-questions-and-answers#acam."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (2022, October 05). Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) Smallpox\/Monkeypox VIS, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/hcp\/vis\/vis-statements\/smallpox-monkeypox.html#smallpox-vaccines."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2022, October 02). Clarivate Analytics. Available online: https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/woscc\/basic-search."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine (2022, October 01). Pub Med. JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 Vaccines, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=JYNNEOS+and+ACAM2000+Vaccines&sort=pubdate."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, S.F., Sohail, M.S., Quadeer, A.A., and McKay, M.R. (2022). Vaccinia-Virus-Based Vaccines Are Expected to Elicit Highly Cross-Reactive Immunity to the 2022 Monkeypox Virus. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.23.497143"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2022, October 02). Fact Sheet: For Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine: Emergency Use Authorization of Jynneos (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Non-Replicating), Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/160773\/download."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7122e1","article-title":"Use of JYNNEOS (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating) for Preexposure Vaccination of Persons at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2014United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (2022, October 04). ACAM2000 Vaccine, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/monkeypox\/interim-considerations\/acam2000-vaccine.html."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/23793406.2016.1171944","article-title":"Total costs associated with replicating and non-replicating smallpox vaccines","volume":"1","author":"Heegaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Secur. Health Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817307","article-title":"Phase 3 Efficacy Trial of Modified Vaccinia Ankara as a Vaccine against Smallpox","volume":"381","author":"Pittman","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (2022, October 04). JYNNEOS Vaccine, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/monkeypox\/interim-considerations\/jynneos-vaccine.html."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6510a2","article-title":"Use of Vaccinia Virus Smallpox Vaccine in Laboratory and Health Care Personnel at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses\u2014Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2015","volume":"65","author":"Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"123","article-title":"Newer Poxvirus Vaccine Is Recommended","volume":"328","author":"Kuehn","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7140e3","article-title":"Incidence of Monkeypox Among Unvaccinated Persons Compared with Persons Receiving \u22651 JYNNEOS Vaccine Dose\u201432 U.S. Jurisdictions, July 31\u2013September 3, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Payne","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/11\/1971\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:30Z","timestamp":1760145750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/11\/1971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines10111971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10111971","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]}}}