{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:54:39Z","timestamp":1792806879518,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Botstiber Foundation","award":["43003-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43003-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00bn06652","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Botstiber Foundation","award":["TAHC12\u201400042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TAHC12\u201400042"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00bn06652","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Agency","award":["43003-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43003-2020"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Agency","award":["TAHC12\u201400042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TAHC12\u201400042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to test zona pellucida (ZP) vaccines\u2019 immunocontraceptive efficacy and safety when formulated with non-Freund\u2019s adjuvant (6% Pet Gel A and 500 \u039cg Poly(I:C)). Twenty-four jennies were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: reZP (n = 7) received three doses of recombinant ZP vaccine; pZP (n = 9) received two doses of native porcine ZP; and Control group (n = 8) received two injections of placebo. Jennies were monitored weekly via transrectal ultrasonography and blood sampling for serum progesterone profiles and anti-pZP antibody titres. In addition, adverse effects were inspected after vaccination. Thirty-five days after the last treatment, jacks were introduced to each group and rotated every 28 days. Vaccination with both pZP and reZP was associated with ovarian shutdown in 44% (4\/9) and 71% (4\/7) of jennies, 118 \u00b1 33 and 91 \u00b1 20 days after vaccination, respectively (p &gt; 0.05). Vaccination delayed the chances of a jenny becoming pregnant (p = 0.0005; Control, 78 \u00b1 31 days; pZP, 218 \u00b1 69 days; reZP, 244 \u00b1 104 days). Anti-pZP antibody titres were elevated in all vaccinated jennies compared to Control jennies (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, only mild local injection site reactions were observed in the jennies after treatment. In conclusion, ZP vaccines formulated with non-Freund\u2019s adjuvant effectively controlled reproduction in jennies with only minor localised side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10121999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T02:29:23Z","timestamp":1669343363000},"page":"1999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Native and Recombinant Zona Pellucida Immunocontraceptive Vaccines Formulated with Non-Freund\u2019s Adjuvants in Donkeys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hilari","family":"French","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Segabinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Middlebrooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Population Management Laboratory, Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Conan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darryn","family":"Knobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Bertschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Population Management Laboratory, Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Feral Donkeys (2022, September 17). How the Move from Animal Power to Mechanisation Turns Working Donkeys into Abandoned Donkeys. 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