{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:53:20Z","timestamp":1790888000272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare delivery to patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (NSTEMI). The aim of our retrospective study is to determine the effect of COVID-19 on inpatient NSTEMI outcomes and to investigate whether changes in cardiac care contributed to the observed outcomes. After multivariate adjustment, we found that NSTEMI patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of inpatient mortality (37.3% vs. 7.3%, adjusted odds ratio: 4.96, 95% CI: 4.6\u20135.4, p &lt; 0.001), increased length of stay (9.9 days vs. 5.4 days, adjusted LOS: 3.6 days longer, p &lt; 0.001), and a higher cost of hospitalization (150,000 USD vs. 110,000 USD, inflation-adjusted cost of hospitalization: 36,000 USD higher, p &lt; 0.001) in comparison to NSTEMI patients without COVID-19, despite a lower burden of pre-existing cardiac comorbidity. NSTEMI patients with COVID-19 also received less invasive cardiac procedures (coronary angiography: 8.7% vs. 50.3%, p &lt; 0.001; PCI: 4.8% vs. 29%, p &lt; 0.001; and CABG: 0.7% vs. 6.2%, p &lt; 0.001). In our study, we observed increased mortality and in-hospital complications to be a combined effect of COVID-19 infection and myocardial inflammation as a result of cytokine storm, prothrombic state, oxygen supply\/demand imbalance and alterations in healthcare delivery from January to December 2020.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10122024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T04:01:33Z","timestamp":1669608093000},"page":"2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["COVID-19 and NSTEMI Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States and Racial Disparities in Mortality: Insight from National Inpatient Sample Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Harris","family":"Majeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Gangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazib","family":"Sagheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishan","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6289-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umair","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Shuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi 74700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniesh","family":"Bobba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John H. Stronger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabal","family":"Chourasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Mary Washington Hospital, Fredericksburg, VA 22401, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Shekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindhu Reddy","family":"Avula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, University of Kansas, St. Francis Campus, Kansas City, KS 66606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Baker","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e772","article-title":"2021 ACC\/AHA\/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Lawton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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