{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:11:48Z","timestamp":1785276708054,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IOC\/FIOCRUZ","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the second greatest killer worldwide and is caused by a single infectious agent. Since Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) is the only vaccine currently in use against TB, studies addressing the protective role of BCG in the context of inducible surface biomarkers are urgently required for TB control. Methods: In this study, groups of HIV-negative adult healthy donors (HD; n = 22) and neonate samples (UCB; n = 48) were voluntarily enrolled. The BCG Moreau strain was used for the in vitro mononuclear cell infections. Subsequently, phenotyping tools were used for surface biomarker detection. Monocytes were assayed for TLR4, B7-1, Dectin-1, EP2, and TIM-3 expression levels. Results: At 48 h, the BCG Moreau induced the highest TLR4, B7-1, and Dectin-1 levels in the HD group only (p-value &lt; 0.05). TIM-3 expression failed to be modulated after BCG infection. At 72 h, BCG Moreau equally induced the highest EP2 levels in the HD group (p-value &lt; 0.005), and higher levels were also found in HD when compared with the UCB group (p-value &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study uncovers critical roles for biomarkers after the instruction of host monocyte activation patterns. Understanding the regulation of human innate immune responses is critical for vaccine development and for treating infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:51:22Z","timestamp":1672635082000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The BCG Moreau Vaccine Upregulates In Vitro the Expression of TLR4, B7-1, Dectin-1 and EP2 on Human Monocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6168-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R. Z.","family":"Antas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, and Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreon S. M.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, and Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence H. P.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, and Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5664-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus R.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, and Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5511-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn N. G. S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Cardiovascular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz R. R.","family":"Castello-Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, and Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos G. G.","family":"de Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, and Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). Global Tuberculosis Report 2021."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1481","article-title":"Preventive Vaccination Against Tuberculosis with BCG","volume":"24","author":"Calmette","year":"1931","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Vanderslott, S., Dadonaite, B., and Roser, M. (2022, December 10). Vaccination. Our World Data. 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