{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T17:35:46Z","timestamp":1778952946400,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea National Institute of Health","award":["4800-4845-300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4800-4845-300"]}]},{"name":"Korea National Institute of Health","award":["4800-4859-300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4800-4859-300"]}]},{"name":"Korea National Institute of Health","award":["4800-4861-313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4800-4861-313"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mumps is an acute infectious disease caused by the mumps virus (MuV). Despite high global vaccination coverage, mumps outbreaks continue to occur, even in vaccinated populations. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate vaccines that can induce an immunogenic response against diverse MuV genotypes with greater efficacy than the currently available options. Vaccine candidates were sourced using formalin-inactivated viral strains. The inactivated vaccines were administered to BALB\/c mice (through a primer and booster dose administered after a three-week interval). We tested the neutralizing antibodies of the candidate vaccines against various MuV genotypes to determine their overall efficacy. The formalin-inactivated F genotype vaccine was found to have higher cross-neutralizing titers against genotypes F, H, and G as well as significant Th1 cytokines responses, IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-2 than the Jeryl Lynn (JL) vaccine. Our findings suggest that the inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine has higher immunogenicity than the JL vaccine against diverse circulating MuVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:12:48Z","timestamp":1672625568000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improved Immunogenicity of the Inactivated F Genotype Mumps Vaccine against Diverse Circulating Mumps Viruses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2490-9484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeran","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ah-Ra","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyung Tae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Sik","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June-Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4445","article-title":"Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus","volume":"235","author":"Rubin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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