{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:25:50Z","timestamp":1784075150075,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In March 2020, COVID-19 was announced as a global pandemic. The first COVID-19 patient was connected to an ECMO device in Israel during that time. Since then, over 200 patients have required ECMO support due to COVID-19 infection. The present study is a multi-institutional analysis of all COVID-19 patients requiring veno-venous (VV) ECMO in Israel. The aim was to characterize and compare the survivors and deceased patients as well as establish risk factors for mortality. Methods: This retrospective multi-institutional study was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021 in eleven of twelve ECMO centers operating in Israel. All COVID-19 patients on VV ECMO support were included in the cohort. The patients were analyzed based on their comorbidities, procedural data, adverse event on ECMO, and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the deceased and the surviving patients. Results: The study included 197 patients, of which 150 (76%) were males, and the mean age was 50.7 \u00b1 12 years. Overall mortality was 106 (54%). Compared with the deceased subjects, survivors were significantly younger (48 \u00b1 11 vs. 53 \u00b1 12 years), suffered less from ischemic heart disease (IHD) (3% vs. 12%), and were ventilated for a significantly shorter period (\u22644 days) prior to cannulation (77% vs. 63%). Patients in the deceased group experienced more kidney failure and sepsis. Rates of other complications were comparable between groups. Conclusions: Based on this study, we conclude that early cannulation (\u22644 days) of younger patients (\u226455 years) may improve overall survival and that a history of IHD might indicate a reduced prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:12:48Z","timestamp":1672625568000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Institutional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4487-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged","family":"Makhoul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 3525408, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eitan","family":"Keizman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Carmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9977-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ori","family":"Galante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Health Ben Gurion University, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8400711, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Ilgiyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin 703301, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Matan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya 1528001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4137-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"S\u0142omka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Ludwik Rydygier CollegiumMedicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigal","family":"Sviri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Intensive Care, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6217-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arieh","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Carmel Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arie","family":"Soroksky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Sternik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Bolotin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 3525408, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yigal","family":"Kassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, August 03). 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Organs."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.11.006","article-title":"ECMO in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Bertini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"180","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/1\/108\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:55:59Z","timestamp":1760118959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/1\/108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines11010108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11010108","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}