{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:33:59Z","timestamp":1772555639933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DECIT)","award":["CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DECIT)","award":["440059\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440059\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DECIT)","award":["424069\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424069\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DECIT)","award":["FAPEMIG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEMIG"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DECIT)","award":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DECIT)","award":["BPD-00954-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD-00954-22"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["440059\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440059\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["424069\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424069\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["FAPEMIG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEMIG"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["BPD-00954-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD-00954-22"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["440059\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440059\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["424069\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424069\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["FAPEMIG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEMIG"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["BPD-00954-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD-00954-22"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["440059\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440059\/2021-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["424069\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424069\/2018-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAPEMIG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEMIG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BPD-00954-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD-00954-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["440059\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440059\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["424069\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424069\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["FAPEMIG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEMIG"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["BPD-00954-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD-00954-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum for which dogs are the main reservoirs. A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) could be an important tool in the control of human and CVL by reducing the infection pressure of L. infantum. Despite the CVL vaccine available on the market, the Brazilian Ministry of Health did not implement the use of it in their control programs. In this sense, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient vaccines. In this study, the association between two polymeric nanoformulations, (poly (D, L-lactic) acid (PLA) polymer) loading Leishmania amazonensis antigens, was evaluated as a potential immunobiological agent against VL using golden hamsters as an experimental model. The results indicated that no significant adverse reactions were observed in animals vaccinated with LAPSmP. LAPSmP presented similar levels of total anti-Leishmania IgG as compared to LAPSmG. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG groups showed an intense reduction in liver and spleen parasitic load by qPCR. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG vaccines showed exceptional results, indicating that they may be promising candidates as a VL vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:56:27Z","timestamp":1672635387000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vaccination with Formulation of Nanoparticles Loaded with Leishmania\u00a0amazonensis Antigens Confers Protection against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hamster"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio Cabrera","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Desenvolvimento Gal\u00eanico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Ba\u00f1os del Inca, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria, Cajamarca 06000, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Alice Maia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline Costa","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucilene Aparecida","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otoni Alves","family":"Melo-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-5835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Santos","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Toshio","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian Lacerda","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Lima","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiane Furtado de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giani Martins","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Desenvolvimento Gal\u00eanico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira","family":"Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexsandro Sobreira","family":"Galdino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divin\u00f3polis 35501-296, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8394-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Santa Mar\u00eda, Urb. San Jos\u00e9 S\/N, Arequipa 04000, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3630-6776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia Martins","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Silveira-Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olindo Assis","family":"Martins-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIOCRUZ-Minas Gerais, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomarcadores de Diagn\u00f3stico e Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7586-9996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walderez Ornelas","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais\u2014INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Carla Furtado","family":"Mosqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Desenvolvimento Gal\u00eanico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4181-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo Cordeiro","family":"Giunchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais\u2014INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32830d0ee8","article-title":"Recent developments leading toward a paradigm switch in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to human leishmaniasis","volume":"21","author":"Schriefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: What are the needs fordiagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","author":"Chappuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","article-title":"Advances in leishmaniasis","volume":"366","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.03.005","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"26","author":"Griensven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-America da Sa\u00fade-OPAS (2020). Leishmanioses: Informe Epidemiol\u00f3gico nas Am\u00e9ricas. N\u00fam. 9, 2020, OPAS. Available online: https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/handle\/10665.2\/51742."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0243-2017","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil from 2001 to 2014","volume":"50","author":"Balieiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Da Soc. Bras. De Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.04.005","article-title":"Immunity to Leishmania and the rational search for vaccines against canine leishmaniasis","volume":"26","author":"Reis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.02.083","article-title":"Long-lasting protection against canine visceral leishmaniasis using the LiESAp-MDP vaccine in endemic areas of France: Double-blind randomised efficacy field trial","volume":"25","author":"Lemesre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.009","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a killed Leishmania vaccine with saponin adjuvant in dogs","volume":"25","author":"Giunchetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.095","article-title":"Protective immunity against challenge with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in beagle dogs vaccinated with recombinant A2 protein","volume":"26","author":"Fernandes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.11.057","article-title":"A killed Leishmania vaccine with sand fly saliva extract and saponin adjuvant displays immunogenicity in dogs","volume":"265","author":"Giunchetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.09.008","article-title":"Antigenicity of a whole parasite vaccine as promising candidate against canine leishmaniasis","volume":"85","author":"Giunchetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roatt, B.M., Aguiar-Soares, R.D., Vitoriano-Souza, J., Coura-Vital, W., Braga, S.L., Corr\u00eaa-Oliveira, R., Martins-Filho, O.A., Carvalho, A.T., Lana, M., and Gontijo, N.F. (2012). Performance of LBSap vaccine after intradermal challenge with L. infantum and saliva of Lu. longipalpis: Immunogenicity and parasitological evaluation. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049780"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.09.011","article-title":"Cytokine and nitric oxide patterns in dogs immunized with LBSap vaccine, before and after experimental challenge with Leishmania chagasi plus saliva of Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"198","author":"Resende","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Par."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-61","article-title":"LbSapSal-vaccinated dogs exhibit increased circulating T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) as well as a reduction of parasitism after challenge with Leishmania infantum plus salivary gland of Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"7","author":"Roatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resende, L.A., Aguiar-Soares, R.D.D.O., Gama-Ker, H., Roatt, B.M., Mendon\u00e7a, L.Z.D., Alves, M.L.R., Silveira-Lemos, D.D., Correa-Oliveira, R., Martins-Filho, O.A., and Ara\u00fajo, M.S.S. (2016). Impact of LbSapSal Vaccine in Canine Immunological and Parasitological Features before and after Leishmania chagasi-Challenge. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161169"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agallou, M., Margaroni, M., Kotsakis, S.D., and Karaguni, E. (2020). A Canine-Directed Chimeric Multi-Epitope Vaccine Induced Protective Immune Responses in BALB\/c Mice Infected with Leishmania infantum. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030350"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106153","article-title":"Live attenuated Leishmania major p27 gene knockout as a novel vaccine candidate: A study on safety, protective immunity and efficacy against canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum","volume":"225","author":"Elikaee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1553-y","article-title":"Possibilities and challenges for developing a successful vaccine for leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02224","article-title":"Nanoparticle vaccines against infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Pati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.166","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Focus on the design of nanoparticulate vaccine delivery systems","volume":"11","author":"Doroud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30103-7","article-title":"Novel Nanosized Chitosan-Betulinic Acid Against Resistant Leishmania Major and First Clinical Observation of such parasite in Kidney","volume":"8","author":"Mehrizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S220410","article-title":"Comparative analysis between four model nanoformulations of amphotericin B-chitosan, amphotericin B-dendrimer, betulinic acid-chitosan and betulinic acid-dendrimer for treatment of Leishmania major: Real-time PCR assay plus","volume":"14","author":"Mehrizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.06.018","article-title":"Promising nanotherapy in treating leishmaniasis","volume":"547","author":"Marins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00311","article-title":"Virus-like Particle Display of the \u03b1-Gal Carbohydrate for Vaccination against Leishmania Infection","volume":"3","author":"Moura","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02749","article-title":"Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Immune Markers Related to Visceral Leishmaniasis Establishment in the Experimental Model of BALB\/c Mice","volume":"10","author":"Agallou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111684","article-title":"Nano-Co-delivery of Lipophosphoglycan with Soluble and Autoclaved Leishmania Antigens into PLGA nanoparticles: Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Immunostimulatory Effects against Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"120","author":"Tosyali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2022, October 31). Situa\u00e7\u00e3o Epidemiol\u00f3gica: Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o da Leishmaniose Tegumentar, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/assuntos\/saude-de-a-a-z\/l\/lt\/situacao-epidemiologica."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.72","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Immune responses in protection and pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. R Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(89)90281-0","article-title":"Nanocapsule formation by interfacial polymer deposition following solvent displacement","volume":"55","author":"Fessi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2015.1066904","article-title":"Olfactory deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in humans","volume":"27","author":"Garcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira, D., Vitoriano-souza, J., Roatt, B.M., Melo, P., Vieira, D.A., Ker, H.G., Mirelle, J., Cardoso, D.O., Giunchetti, R.C., and Carneiro, M. (2012). Parasite Burden in Hamsters Infected with Two Different Strains of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: \u201cLeishman Donovan Units\u201d versus Real-Time PCR. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047907"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0143-2017","article-title":"First autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil, a region with no history of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"51","author":"Mattos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. da Soc. Bras. de Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-736x2017001200023","article-title":"Autochthonous case of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area in Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"37","author":"Faria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santana, R.S., Souza, K.B., Lussari, F., Fonseca, E.S., Andrade, C.O., Meidas, M.M.K., D\u2019Andrea, l.A.Z., Silva, F.A., Flores, E.F., and Anjolete, I.R. (2021). Cases and distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in western S\u00e3o Paulo: A neglected disease in this region of Brazil. PLoS Neg. Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009411"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cec\u00edlio, P., Oliveira, F., and Silva, A.C. (2018). Vaccines for Human Leishmaniasis: Where Do We Stand and What Is Still Missing? Leishmaniases as Re-emerging Diseases, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.75000"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2022, November 02). Leishmaniose Visceral, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/assuntos\/saude-de-a-a-z\/l\/leishmaniose-visceral."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-019-0144-2","article-title":"Peptide-based vaccine successfully induces protective immunity against canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"4","author":"Petitdidier","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.01.043","article-title":"PLGA-based nanoparticles: An overview of biomedical applications","volume":"161","author":"Danhier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00168","article-title":"Assessment of vaccine-induced immunity against canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0739-9","article-title":"Advances in nanomaterial vaccine strategies to address infectious diseases impacting global health","volume":"16","author":"Fries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2016-0381","article-title":"Vaccine nanoparticles for protection against HIV infection","volume":"12","author":"Aikins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1021\/mp100255c","article-title":"Aerosolized PLA and PLGA nanoparticles enhance humoral, mucosal and cytokine responses to hepatitis B vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34853-2","article-title":"Enhancing humoral responses against HIV envelope trimers via nanoparticle delivery with stabilized synthetic liposomes","volume":"8","author":"Tokatlian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12202","article-title":"Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies","volume":"499","author":"Kanekiyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3057005","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles as a vaccine platform: Influence of size and shape on immunological responses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"7","author":"Niikura","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2016.07.002","article-title":"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a potential vaccine adjuvant against Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"35","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2010.02.001","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver and titanium nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Olive","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations in hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum through different routes of inoculation","volume":"9","author":"Roatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03206.x","article-title":"Phenotypic features of circulating leucocytes as immunological markers for clinical status and bone marrow parasite density in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania chagasi","volume":"146","author":"Reis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.12.009","article-title":"Profile of anti-Leishmania antibodies related to clinical picture in canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"93","author":"Braga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00444-9","article-title":"Saponins, IL12 and BCG adjuvant in the FML-vaccine formulation against murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"21","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottino, J., Leite, J.C., Melo-J\u00fanior, O.A., Gonz\u00e1lez, M.A.C., De Carvalho, T.F., Garcia, G.M., Batista, M.A., Silveira, P., Cardoso, M.S., and Bueno, L.L. (2022). Nanoformulations with Leishmania braziliensis Antigens Triggered Controlled Parasite Burden in Vaccinated Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111848"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00496","article-title":"In vitro Infectivity of Strains Isolated From Dogs Naturally Infected With Leishmania infantum Present a Distinct Pathogenic Profile in Hamsters","volume":"28","author":"Resende","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Oliveira Aguiar-Soares, R.D., Roatt, B.M., Mathias, F.A.S., Reis, L.E.S., de Oliveira Cardoso, J.M., de Brito, R.C.F., Ker, H.G., Corr\u00eaa-Oliveira, R., Giunchetti, R.C., and Reis, A.B. (2020). Phase I and II Clinical Trial Comparing the LBSap, Leishmune\u00ae, and Leish-Tec\u00ae Vaccines against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040690"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multicomponent LBSap vaccine displays immunological and parasitological profiles similar to those of Leish-Tec\u00ae and Leishmune\u00ae vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Resende","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.05.006","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis biomarkers and their employment in vaccines","volume":"271","author":"Giunchetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2008.07.014","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis in urban and rural areas of Northeast Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Queiroz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maeda, K., Sadoughi, S., Morimoto, A., Uchida, K., Chambers, J.K., Sanjoba, C., Yamagishi, J., and Goto, Y. (2021). Hepatomegaly Associated with Non-Obstructive Sinusoidal Dilation in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111356"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6169","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S141069","article-title":"Vaccination with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with soluble Leishmania antigens and modified with a TNF\u03b1-mimicking peptide or monophosphoryl lipid aconfers protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"12","author":"Margaroni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"3","article-title":"Associations among immunological, parasitological and clinical parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis: Emaciation, spleen parasitism, specific antibodies and leishmanin skin test reaction","volume":"5","author":"Jesus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.08.022","article-title":"Immunological profile of resistance and susceptibility in naturally infected dogs by Leishmania infantum","volume":"205","author":"Leal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proverbio, D., Spada, E., Giorgi, G.B., Perego, R., and Valena, E. (2014). Relationship between Leishmania IFAT titer and clinicopathological manifestations (clinical score) in dogs. Biomed Res. Int., 412808.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/412808"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2014048005224","article-title":"Serological and infection statuses of dogs from a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area","volume":"48","author":"Laranjeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Sa\u00fade Publica"}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/1\/111\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:56:19Z","timestamp":1760118979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/1\/111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines11010111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11010111","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202211.0275.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]}}}