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disease relapse and a poor prognosis. Current guidelines do not recommend any specific treatments for these patients, and only allogeneic stem cell transplant, which is associated with potential risks and toxicities, is a curative therapy. Recent clinical trials showed that immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR T therapies, are successful in treating hematologic malignancies. CAR T cells, which specifically target the B-cell surface antigen CD19, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of B-cell acute leukemia, and some progress has been made in the treatment of other hematologic malignancies. However, the development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy targeting T-cell malignancies appears more challenging due to the potential risks of fratricide, T-cell aplasia, immunosuppression, and product contamination. In this review, we discuss the current status of and challenges related to CAR T-cell immunotherapy for T-ALL and review potential strategies to overcome these limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:47:01Z","timestamp":1673495221000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy Treating T-ALL: Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anqi","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiqin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongcun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4232-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haichuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.63","article-title":"The genetics and mechanisms of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"16","author":"Belver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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