{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:41:20Z","timestamp":1793320880796,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MA-CRO Lifescience Srl"},{"name":"Pfizer"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Understanding trends in pneumonia-associated hospitalizations can help to quantify the burden of disease and identify risk conditions and at-risk populations. This study evaluated characteristics of hospitalizations due to pneumonia that occurred in Italy in a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. Methods: All hospitalizations with a principal or secondary diagnosis of pneumonia over the 10-year period were included, which were identified by hospital discharges for all-cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia in the anonymized hospital discharge database of the Italian Health Ministry. Results: A total of 2,481,213 patients were hospitalized for pneumonia between 2010 and 2019; patients aged 75\u201386 years accounted for 30.1% of hospitalizations. Most hospitalizations (88.1%) had an unspecified pneumonia discharge code. In-hospital death was recorded in 13.0% of cases. The cumulative cost for pneumonia hospitalizations of the 10-year period were EUR 11,303,461,591. Over the observation period, the incidence rate for hospitalized all-cause pneumonia in any ages increased from 100 per 100,000 in 2010 to over 160 cases per 100,000 per year in 2019 (p &lt; 0.001). Overall, there was a significant increase in annual percent changes in hospitalization rates (+3.47 per year), in-hospital death (+4.6% per year), and costs (+3.95% per year) over the 10-year period. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that hospitalizations for pneumonia are increasing over time in almost all age groups, especially in the elderly. Given the substantial burden of pneumonia in terms of mortality, healthcare resources, and economic costs, greater public health efforts should thus be made to promote vaccinations against influenza and pneumococcus, particularly in high-risk groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1673836195000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Italian Adults from 2010 to 2019: Scientific Evidence for a Call to Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5482-5268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Amodio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 1, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 1, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3409-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"d\u2019Angela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.R.E.A. Sanit\u00e0 (Centre for Applied Economic Research in Healthcare), 00196 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.R.E.A. Sanit\u00e0 (Centre for Applied Economic Research in Healthcare), 00196 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Economic and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Polistena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.R.E.A. Sanit\u00e0 (Centre for Applied Economic Research in Healthcare), 00196 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Economic and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Spandonaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.R.E.A. Sanit\u00e0 (Centre for Applied Economic Research in Healthcare), 00196 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Pfizer, 00188 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Agostina","family":"Montuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Pfizer, 00188 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00630-9","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"398","author":"Aliberti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000479089","article-title":"Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies","volume":"94","author":"Almirall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2010.01.003","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly","volume":"8","author":"Fung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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