{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:00:00Z","timestamp":1792098000742,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["IFP-2020-134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFP-2020-134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Indian children aged 5\u201317 years who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, as well as to investigate for predictors of AEFI. To examine AEFI following the first and second doses of Pfizer\u2019s vaccine, semi-structured questionnaires were distributed as Google forms at Indian schools in Saudi Arabia. The 385 responses included 48.1% male and 51.9% female children, with 136 responses of children aged 5\u201311 years (group A) and 249 responses from children aged 12\u201317 years (group B). Overall, 84.4% of children had two shots. The frequency of AEFI was reported to be higher after the first dose than after the second (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.57\u20132.86). The reported AEFIs included myalgia, rhinitis, local reaction with fever, a temperature of 102 \u00b0F or higher, and mild to moderate injection site reactions. While group B frequently reported multiple AEFIs, group A typically reported just one. Local reaction with low grade fever was more frequently reported in group B after the first dose (24.1%) and second dose (15.4%), while local reaction without low grade fever was most frequently observed in group A after the first (36.8%) and second dose (30%). Only prior COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.44\u20136.2) was associated with AEFI after the second dose in the study sample, whereas male gender (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.13\u20132.6) and prior COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.38\u20136.3) were predictors of AEFI after the first dose. Non-serious myocarditis was reported by only one child. According to the analysis conducted, the Pfizer\u2019s mRNA COVID-19 vaccination was found to be safe in Indian children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T01:57:57Z","timestamp":1674007077000},"page":"207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess mRNA-COVID-19 Vaccine Safety among Indian Children (5\u201317 Years) Living in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marya","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riyaz Ahamed","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz K.","family":"Mallick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed S.","family":"Banawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, and Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8965-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thamer A. M.","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef Abud","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat Saleh","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu Kumar","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Science, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3941-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Shakil","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal Holil","family":"AlAnazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alfhaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Zaid","family":"Aljulifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-907X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vini","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdalah Emad","family":"Almhmd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz S. D. Al","family":"Daham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4082-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutlaq M. M.","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586637","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.586637","article-title":"An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants","volume":"7","author":"Siddique","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Ayeh, S.K., Chidambaram, V., and Karakousis, P.C. 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