{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:27Z","timestamp":1760147247594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) and the Promotionsprogramm \u201eTranslationale Medizin\u201c of the School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich","award":["848223","01EN2012A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["848223","01EN2012A"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["848223","01EN2012A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["848223","01EN2012A"]}]},{"name":"BMBF via project TherVacB Plus","award":["848223","01EN2012A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["848223","01EN2012A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here, we investigate the potential of CD70 co-expression during viral vector boost vaccination to improve an antigen-specific T cell response. To determine the chance of activating antigen-specific T cells by CD70, we used the HBV core antigen as a model antigen in a heterologous protein-prime, Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost vaccination scheme. Both the HBV core and a CD70 expression cassette were co-expressed upon delivery by an MVA vector under the same promoter linked by a P2A site. To compare immunogenicity with and without CD70 co-expression, HBV-na\u00efve, C57BL\/6 (wt) mice and HBV-transgenic mice were prime-vaccinated using recombinant HBV core antigen followed by the MVA vector boost. Co-expression of CD70 increased the number of vaccine-induced HBV core-specific CD8 T cells by &gt;2-fold and improved their effector functions in HBV-na\u00efve mice. In vaccinated HBV1.3tg mice, the number and functionality of HBV core-specific CD8 T cells was slightly increased upon CD70 co-expression in low-viremic, but not in high-viremic animals. CD70 co-expression did not impact liver damage as indicated by ALT levels in the serum, but increased the number of vaccine-induced, proliferative T cell clusters in the liver. Overall, this study indicates that orchestrated co-expression of CD70 and a vaccine antigen may be an interesting and safe means of enhancing antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses using vector-based vaccines, although in our study it was not sufficient to break immune tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:21:54Z","timestamp":1674616914000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Effect of CD70 Co-Expression on CD8 T Cell Response in Protein-Prime MVA-Boost Vaccination in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ann-Sophie","family":"Stephan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kosinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"M\u00fcck-H\u00e4usl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6870-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Muschaweckh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"R\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Heikenw\u00e4lder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Dembek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Protzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30056-6","article-title":"Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: A modelling study","volume":"3","author":"Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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