{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:52:58Z","timestamp":1760147578364,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization","award":["C1.2.PFE-CDI.2021_563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1.2.PFE-CDI.2021_563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spread of the COVID-19 virus created more than a medical crisis, while it also negatively affected the mental health of the general population. This context increased the vulnerability of the psychiatric population. While research interest highly targeted vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, many studies focused on trust issues\u2014both in vaccine efficacy and in communication with authorities. Less is known about the psychological underpinnings of the COVID vaccination decision, specifically in the high-uncertainty circumstances due to the novelty of the virus. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the predictive value of several cognitive (perceived risk, vulnerability, uncertainty, and trust in one\u2019s decision) and behavioral (previous vaccinations, social media use, and practicing preventive behavior) factors, for the vaccination decision against COVID-19, for 252 psychiatric inpatients (data collected between September 2021 and February 2022). Demographics and diagnostics were also considered. We found a significant relationship between the \u201cPerceived risk of vaccination\u201d and the choice of vaccination (\u03c72(2, N = 252) = 58.59, p \u2264 0.001), and between the \u201cTrust in own decision to vaccinate\u201d and the decision to vaccinate (\u03c72(2, N = 252) = 31,5, p \u2264 0.001). The overall regression model was statistically significant (\u03c72 (9, N = 252) = 97.1, p &lt; 0.001), with between 30% and 45% of the variance in the odds of a positive decision explained by the predictor set. The model coefficients analysis showed that an individual with a psychiatric disorder but with higher confidence in their decision had significant (p &lt; 0.001) increased odds of the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 by 893%. A former voluntary vaccination did not significantly associate with the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 (\u03c72(1, N = 252) = 2.74, p &gt; 0.05) in this special population. No other behavioral factors, diagnosis, or demographics were significant as predictors, for the clinical psychiatric population surveyed, except the educational level. Implications for future vaccination acceptance of this special population are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1676430561000},"page":"441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cognitive and Behavioral Factors Predicting the Decision to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in Clinical Psychiatric Population\u2014A Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Mariana","family":"Marcu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550201 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Collective of Scientific Research in Neurosciences of the Clinical Psychiatry Hospital \u201cDr. Gheorghe Preda\u201d, 550082 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Radu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550201 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Psychology Department, Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timi\u0219oara, 300223 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihaela Dana","family":"Bucu\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550201 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu Sorin","family":"Fleac\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciprian","family":"Tanasescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9856-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai Dan","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Boicean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciprian Ionu\u021b","family":"Bacil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective of Scientific Research in Neurosciences of the Clinical Psychiatry Hospital \u201cDr. Gheorghe Preda\u201d, 550082 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"The Health Belief Model and Preventive Health Behavior","volume":"2","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1974","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, January 06). Romania: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data|WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data, Available online: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/region\/euro\/country\/ro\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blix, I., Birkeland, M.S., and Thoresen, S. (2021). Worry and mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability factors in the general Norwegian population. BMC Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10927-1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpsm.2020.04.009","article-title":"Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical perspectives from a case series","volume":"13","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Psiquiatr. Salud Ment."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30564-2","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination for people with severe mental illness: Why, what, and how?","volume":"8","author":"Mazereel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30421-1","article-title":"Association between mental illness and COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609579","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.609579","article-title":"Death Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders in Sweden During the Early Months of the Outbreak-An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Population-Based Register Study","volume":"11","author":"Maripuu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20806","article-title":"Increased risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality in people with mental disorders: Analysis from electronic health records in the United States","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30013-1","article-title":"Pre-pandemic psychiatric disorders and risk of COVID-19: A UK Biobank cohort analysis","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.4442","article-title":"Association of Psychiatric Disorders With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19","volume":"78","author":"Nemani","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.074674","article-title":"Effects of severe mental illness on survival of people with diabetes","volume":"197","author":"Vinogradova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2502","article-title":"Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20826","article-title":"Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination for people with severe mental illness","volume":"20","author":"Mazereel","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.1.152","article-title":"Impaired decision making related to working memory deficits in individuals with substance addictions","volume":"18","author":"Bechara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.12110268","article-title":"Toward an understanding of decision making in severe mental illness","volume":"26","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.156","article-title":"Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and meaning","volume":"36","author":"Lesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2307\/1884852","article-title":"A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice","volume":"69","author":"Simon","year":"1955","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031322","article-title":"Belief in the law of small numbers","volume":"76","author":"Tversky","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103535","article-title":"Investigating COVID-19 risk perception and preventive behaviours in third-level students in Ireland","volume":"224","author":"Borges","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/08982643211002084","article-title":"Risk Perception, Preventive Behavior, and Medical Care Avoidance among American Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.2509","article-title":"Psychological predictors of protective behaviours during the Covid-19 pandemic: Theory of planned behaviour and risk perception","volume":"32","author":"Trifiletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Community Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.03.012","article-title":"Risk perceptions and health behavior","volume":"5","author":"Ferrer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.2.267","article-title":"Risk as feelings","volume":"127","author":"Loewenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.2.136","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Brewer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577331","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.577331","article-title":"Risk Perception and Protective Behaviors During the Rise of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Savadori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033065","article-title":"Does heightening risk appraisals change people\u2019s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies","volume":"140","author":"Sheeran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12244","article-title":"The role of conviction in personal disease risk perceptions: What can we learn from research on attitude strength?","volume":"10","author":"Taber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113688","article-title":"Associations of COVID-19 risk perception with vaccine hesitancy over time for Italian residents","volume":"272","author":"Caserotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619145","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.619145","article-title":"COCONEL Group Beliefs and Risk Perceptions About COVID-19: Evidence from Two Successive French Representative Surveys during Lockdown","volume":"12","author":"Attema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Jing, R., Lai, X., Zhang, H., Lyu, Y., Knoll, M.D., and Fang, H. (2020). Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030482"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C., Tu, P., and Beitsch, L.M. (2020). Confidence and Receptivity for COVID-19 Vaccines: A Rapid Systematic Review. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010016"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-008-0124-3","article-title":"Factors affecting nurses\u2019 decision to get the flu vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Shahrabani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Econ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.025","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges of Web 2.0 for vaccination decisions","volume":"30","author":"Betsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1780846","article-title":"Social media and vaccine hesitancy: New updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases","volume":"16","author":"Puri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205630511986546","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305119865465","article-title":"Examining emergent communities and social bots within the polarized online vaccination debate in twitter","volume":"5","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112552","article-title":"Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-related Misinformation on Social Media","volume":"240","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeballos Rivas, D.R., Lopez Jaldin, M.L., Nina Canaviri, B., Portugal Escalante, L.F., Alanes Fern\u00e1ndez, A.M.C., and Aguilar Ticona, J.P. (2021). Social media exposure, risk perception, preventive behaviors and attitudes during the COVID-19 epidemic in La Paz, Bolivia: A cross sectional study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245859"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24673","DOI":"10.2196\/24673","article-title":"Behavioral Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccination Among Chinese Factory Workers: Cross-sectional Online Survey","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.02.058","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine intentions in the United States, a social-ecological framework","volume":"39","author":"Latkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-006-5109-5","article-title":"Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: A literature review of attitudes and beliefs","volume":"34","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/028134399750002737","article-title":"Decision on influenza vaccination among the elderly. A questionnaire study based on the Health Belief Model and the Multidimensional Locus of Control Theory","volume":"17","author":"Kragstrup","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. J. Prim. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seale, H., Heywood, A.E., Leask, J., Sheel, M., Durrheim, D.N., Bolsewicz, K., and Kaur, R. (2021). Examining Australian public perceptions and behaviors towards a future COVID-19 vaccine. BMC Infect. Dis., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05833-1"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graffigna, G., Palamenghi, L., Boccia, S., and Barello, S. (2020). Relationship between Citizens\u2019 Health Engagement and Intention to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine in Italy: A Mediation Analysis. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040576"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.099879","article-title":"Predictors of flu vaccination among urban Hispanic children and adults","volume":"66","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.04.354","article-title":"Influenza vaccine coverage rates and perceptions on vaccination in South Korea","volume":"55","author":"Kee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher, D., Altman, D.G., Schulz, K.F., Simera, I., and Wager, E. (2014). Guidelines for Reporting Health Research: A User\u2019s Manual, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118715598"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617697177","article-title":"Equivalence Tests: A Practical Primer for t Tests, Correlations, and Meta-Analyses","volume":"8","author":"Lakens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245918770963","article-title":"Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial","volume":"1","author":"Lakens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-001835","article-title":"Predictors of misperceptions, risk perceptions, and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19 by country, education and income","volume":"69","author":"Bhuiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017327","article-title":"How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making","volume":"135","author":"Reyna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt197","article-title":"A review of reward processing and motivational impairment in schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Strauss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benke, T., Marksteiner, J., Ruepp, B., Weiss, E.M., and Zamarian, L. (2021). Decision Making under Risk in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia or Depression. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11091178"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.03.002","article-title":"Does worry about breast cancer predict screening behaviors? A meta-analysis of the prospective evidence","volume":"42","author":"Hay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(83)90023-9","article-title":"Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change","volume":"19","author":"Maddux","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1975.9915803","article-title":"A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change1","volume":"91","author":"Rogers","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillman, A.S., Scharnetzki, L., Boyd, P., Ferrer, R.A., Klein, W.M.P., and Han, P.K.J. (2022). Perceptions and tolerance of uncertainty: Relationship to trust in COVID-19 health information and vaccine hesitancy. J. Behav. Med., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-022-00302-9"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brun, C., Akinyemi, A., Houtin, L., Zerhouni, O., Monvoisin, R., and Pinsault, N. (2022). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Attitudes towards Vaccination Impact Vaccinal Decision While Perceived Uncertainty Does Not. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10101742"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000224X","article-title":"Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency","volume":"51","author":"Allington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12442","article-title":"What do popular YouTubeTM videos say about vaccines?","volume":"43","author":"Basch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2023, February 05). Global Daily Social Media Usage 2022|Statista. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/433871\/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide\/."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31441-x","article-title":"Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021","volume":"13","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00301-1","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine uptake in patients with psychiatric disorders admitted to or residing in a university psychiatric hospital","volume":"8","author":"Mazereel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2021.15","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine willingness amongst patients with mental illness compared with the general population","volume":"33","author":"Jefsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Y., Zhao, Z., Teng, Z., Xu, B., Wang, X., Guo, J., Huang, J., and Wu, H. (2022). COVID-19 vaccination coverage among patients with psychiatric disorders in China during the pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04271-w"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00769-2","article-title":"Encouraging vaccine uptake: Lessons from behavioural science","volume":"22","author":"Michie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/2\/441\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:35:44Z","timestamp":1760121344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/2\/441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines11020441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11020441","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-393X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]}}}