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(Redes\/FAPERJ)","award":["425.422\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["425.422\/2016-0"]}]},{"name":"Rede de Neuroinflama\u00e7\u00e3o  (Redes\/FAPERJ)","award":["E-26\/010.001268\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.001268\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Rede de Neuroinflama\u00e7\u00e3o  (Redes\/FAPERJ)","award":["0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0001"]}]},{"name":"Rede de Neuroinflama\u00e7\u00e3o  (Redes\/FAPERJ)","award":["465489\/2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465489\/2014-1"]}]},{"name":"Rede de Neuroinflama\u00e7\u00e3o  (Redes\/FAPERJ)","award":["26010.002418\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26010.002418\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The GMZ2.6c malaria vaccine candidate is a multi-stage P. falciparum chimeric protein that contains a fragment of the sexual-stage Pfs48\/45-6C protein genetically fused to GMZ2, an asexual-stage vaccine construction consisting of the N-terminal region of the glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) and the C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein-3 (MSP-3). Previous studies showed that GMZ2.6c is widely recognized by antibodies from Brazilian exposed individuals and that its components are immunogenic in natural infection by P. falciparum. In addition, anti-GMZ2.6c antibodies increase with exposure to infection and may contribute to parasite immunity. Therefore, identifying epitopes of proteins recognized by antibodies may be an important tool for understanding protective immunity. Herein, we identify and validate the B-cell epitopes of GMZ2.6c as immunogenic and immunodominant in individuals exposed to malaria living in endemic areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Specific IgG antibodies and subclasses against MSP-3, GLURP, and Pfs48\/45 epitopes were detected by ELISA using synthetic peptides corresponding to B-cell epitopes previously described for MSP-3 and GLURP or identified by BepiPred for Pfs48\/45. The results showed that the immunodominant epitopes were P11 from GLURP and MSP-3c and DG210 from MSP-3. The IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses were preferentially induced against these epitopes, supporting previous studies that these proteins are targets for cytophilic antibodies, important for the acquisition of protective immunity. Most individuals presented detectable IgG antibodies against Pfs48\/45a and\/or Pfs48\/45b, validating the prediction of linear B-cell epitopes. The higher frequency and antibody levels against different epitopes from GLURP, MSP-3, and Pfs48\/45 provide additional information that may suggest the relevance of GMZ2.6c as a multi-stage malaria vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1676430561000},"page":"446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["B-Cell Epitope Mapping of the Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Vaccine Candidate GMZ2.6c in a Naturally Exposed Population of the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6652-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara de Oliveira","family":"Baptista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Lopes de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Santos de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2544-2898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Amorim dos Santos de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer Peixoto de","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Tavares de","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7775-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Medeiros de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa em Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Acre\u2013Campus Floresta (UFAC), Cruzeiro do Sul 69895-000, AC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda Eva","family":"Amoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1489-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susheel Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Theisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9772-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Nunes","family":"Rodrigues-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Imunol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn Kety Pratt","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Renato Rivas","family":"Totino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josu\u00e9 da Costa","family":"Lima-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Tadeu","family":"Daniel-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4002-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian Rose","family":"Pratt-Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Mal\u00e1ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa, Diagn\u00f3stico e Treinamento em Mal\u00e1ria (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, December 26). 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