{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:57:19Z","timestamp":1792526239588,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The BK virus (BKV) causes severe hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. To eliminate reactivated BKV, symptomatic patients can be treated with a reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy, with the antiviral drug cidofovir, or with virus-specific T cells (VSTs). In the current study, we compared the effect of VSTs to other treatment options, following up specific T cells using interferon-gamma ELISpot assay. We observed BKV large T-specific cellular responses in 12 out of 17 HSCT recipients with BKV-related cystitis (71%). In recipients treated with VSTs, 6 out of 7 showed specific T-cell responses, and that number in those without VSTs was 6 out of 10. In comparison, 27 out of 50 healthy controls (54%) responded. In HSCT recipients treated for BKV-related cystitis, absolute CD4+ T-cell numbers and renal function correlated with BKV-specific cellular responses (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). In one patient, BKV-specific cellular immunity could already be detected at baseline, on day 35 after HSCT and prior to VSTs, and remained increased until day 226 after VSTs (78 vs. 7 spots increment). In conclusion, the ELISpot appears to be suitable to sensitively monitor BKV-specific cellular immunity in HSCT recipients, even early after transplantation or in the long term after VSTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11040845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T05:29:29Z","timestamp":1681450169000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Long-Term Follow-Up after Adoptive Transfer of BK-Virus-Specific T Cells in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Koldehoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zotz Klimas, MVZ D\u00fcsseldorf, 40210 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8378-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Eiz-Vesper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8164-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Maecker-Kolhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina K.","family":"Steckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Dittmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6708-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-022-01665-y","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and outcome of BK virus hemorrhagic cystitis following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Saade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00074-16","article-title":"BK Polyomavirus: Clinical Aspects, Immune Regulation, and Emerging Therapies","volume":"30","author":"Ambalathingal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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