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Presently, three types of vaccines are available (bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonvalent), and they all target the two most oncogenic virus genotypes (HPV 16 and 18). In recent years, the need to implement vaccination programmes that include all genders has been discussed in order to achieve herd immunity against HPV. To date, only a few countries have included young males in their vaccination programmes. Thus, our objective with this review is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of HPV and HPV prevention strategies and report the latest findings from the scientific literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11061060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T01:53:25Z","timestamp":1685930005000},"page":"1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology and Prevention: Is There Still a Gender Gap?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-760X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Milano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1469-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Guarducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Nante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Montomoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Manini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.02.001","article-title":"High-risk human papillomavirus infection in female and subsequent risk of infertility: A population-based cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Kjaer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil. 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