{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:15:42Z","timestamp":1789017342859,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["522004005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522004005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) have a 29- to 36-fold increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) compared to healthy adults. Therefore, most guidelines recommend vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) followed 2 months later by the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Because both CLL as well as immunosuppressive treatment have been identified as major determinants of immunogenicity, we aimed to assess the vaccination schedule in untreated and treated CLL patients. We quantified pneumococcal IgG concentrations against five serotypes shared across both vaccines, and against four serotypes unique to PPSV23, before and eight weeks after vaccination. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 143 CLL patients, either treated (n = 38) or naive to treatment (n = 105). While antibody concentrations increased significantly after vaccination, the overall serologic response was low (10.5%), defined as a \u22654-fold antibody increase against \u226570% of the measured serotypes, and significantly influenced by treatment status and prior lymphocyte number. The serologic protection rate, defined as an antibody concentration of \u22651.3 \u00b5g\/mL for \u226570% of serotypes, was 13% in untreated and 3% in treated CLL patients. Future research should focus on vaccine regimens with a higher immunogenic potential, such as multi-dose schedules with higher-valent T cell dependent conjugated vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11071201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1688517222000},"page":"1201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunogenicity of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine Followed by the 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Haggenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Garcia Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M. J.","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke M.","family":"Van der Straaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St Jansdal Ziekenhuis, 3844 DG Harderwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fransien","family":"De Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ikazia Ziekenhuis, 3083 AN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Kersting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, HagaZiekenhuis, 2545 AA The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djamila","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 5223 GZ \u2018s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Te Raa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei, 6716 RP Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein P. J.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnon P.","family":"Kater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Goorhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"De Heer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Flevoziekenhuis, 1315 RA Almere, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backhaus, E., Berg, S., Andersson, R., Ockborn, G., Malmstr\u00f6m, P., Dahl, M., Nasic, S., and Trollfors, B. 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