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Due to the many challenges of current control methods, an effective vaccine against the causative agent Onchocerca volvulus is urgently needed. Mice and cynomolgus macaque non-human primates (NHPs) were immunized with a vaccine consisting of a fusion of two O. volvulus protein antigens, Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 (Ov-FUS-1), and three different adjuvants: Advax-CpG, alum, and AlT4. All vaccine formulations induced high antigen-specific IgG titers in both mice and NHPs. Challenging mice with O. volvulus L3 contained within subcutaneous diffusion chambers demonstrated that Ov-FUS-1\/Advax-CpG-immunized animals developed protective immunity, durable for at least 11 weeks. Passive transfer of sera, collected at several time points, from both mice and NHPs immunized with Ov-FUS-1\/Advax-CpG transferred protection to na\u00efve mice. These results demonstrate that Ov-FUS-1 with the adjuvant Advax-CpG induces durable protective immunity against O. volvulus in mice and NHPs that is mediated by vaccine-induced humoral factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11071212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T02:37:29Z","timestamp":1688697449000},"page":"1212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adjuvanted Fusion Protein Vaccine Induces Durable Immunity to Onchocerca volvulus in Mice and Non-Human Primates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5688-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica J.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Tricoche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenn","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Petrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxine Pty Ltd., Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpha Genesis Inc., Yemassee, SC 29945, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpha Genesis Inc., Yemassee, SC 29945, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX BioAnalytics, West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayako","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8429-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Bottazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Makepeace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean A.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5901-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darrick","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lustigman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsey F. 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