{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:17:17Z","timestamp":1790216237183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada","award":["10025097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10025097"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada","award":["RGPIN-2023-03364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-03364"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014972","name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10025097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10025097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014972","name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014972","name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2023-03364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-03364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada","award":["10025097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10025097"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada","award":["RGPIN-2023-03364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-03364"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes infectious bronchitis disease in chickens. IBV primarily infects the upper respiratory tract and then disseminates to other body systems including gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary systems. Unlike original IBV serotypes, the novel IBV variants target lymphoid organs, but information on this is scarce. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the presence of maternal antibodies on IBV infection in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Maternal antibody free, specific pathogen free (SPF) hens were divided into vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. The progeny male chicks from these hens were divided into four groups; vaccinated challenged (VC), non-vaccinated challenged (NVC), vaccinated non-challenged (VNC), and non-vaccinated non-challenged (NVNC). The challenge groups were given 1 \u00d7 106 embryo infectious dose (EID)50 of IBV Delmarva (DMV)\/1639 by the oculo-nasal route and non-challenge groups were given saline. The serum anti-IBV antibody titer was significantly higher in challenged groups compared to non-challenged groups. The IBV genome load was significantly lower in the VC group than NVC group in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and in bursa of Fabricius (BF) and cecal tonsils (CT). The histopathological lesion scores were significantly lower in VC group than NVC group in BF and CT. These findings suggest that the presence of maternal antibody in chicks could provide some degree of protection against IBV infection in BF and CT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11071216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T01:41:36Z","timestamp":1688694096000},"page":"1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Maternal Antibodies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Infection in Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs of Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ishara M.","family":"Isham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S. H.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8697-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham M.","family":"Abd-Elsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiruni A.","family":"Ranaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motamed E.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9767-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahnas M.","family":"Najimudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awais","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan C.","family":"Cork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4491-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Faizal","family":"Abdul-Careem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2018-0035","article-title":"Coronaviruses in Avian Species\u2014Review with Focus on Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Wild Birds","volume":"62","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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