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Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["401679\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401679\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-PPM-00637-17"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["BPD-00954-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD-00954-22"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT)","award":["APQ-01405-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01405-23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies suggest that the association of antigens in microparticles increases the anti-Leishmania vaccine immunogenicity. This study aims to investigate the in situ effect of the adjuvant performance consisting of chitosan-coated poly(D,L-lactic) acid submicrometric particles (SMP) and analyze the inflammatory profile and toxicity. Two formulations were selected, SMP1, containing poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) 1% wt\/v and chitosan 1% wt\/v; and SMP2, containing PLA 5% wt\/v and chitosan 5% wt\/v. After a single dose of the unloaded SMP1 or SMP2 in mice, the SMPs promoted cell recruitment without tissue damage. In addition, besides the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity having demonstrated similar results among the analyzed groups, a progressive reduction in the levels of N-acetyl-\u03b2-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) until 72 h was observed for SMPs. While IL-6 levels were similar among all the analyzed groups along the kinetics, only the SMPs groups had detectable levels of TNF-\u03b1. Additionally, the Leishmania braziliensis antigen was encapsulated in SMPs (SMP1Ag and SMP2Ag), and mice were vaccinated with three doses. The immunogenicity analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated a reduction in NK (CD3\u2212CD49+) cells in all the SMPs groups, in addition to impairment in the T cells subsets (CD3+CD4+) and CD3+CD8+) and B cells (CD19+) of the SMP2 group. The resulting data demonstrate that the chitosan-coated SMP formulations stimulate the early events of an innate immune response, suggesting their ability to increase the immunogenicity of co-administered Leishmania antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11081309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:06:44Z","timestamp":1690880804000},"page":"1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Polymeric Delivery Systems as a Potential Vaccine against Visceral Leishmaniasis: Formulation Development and Immunogenicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9492-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Guilherme Lino da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Nucleus for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Alice Maia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliam Teixeira","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giani Martins","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Azevedo","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila Zanandreis de","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvinson Fernandes","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Oliveira","family":"Sant\u2019Ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otoni Alves de Oliveira","family":"Melo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Silveira-Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Group on Biomarkers, Ren\u00e9 Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walderez Ornelas","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, INCT-DT, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olindo Assis","family":"Martins-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Diagnosis and Monitoring Biomarkers, Ren\u00e9 Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexsandro Sobreira","family":"Galdino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganism Biotechnology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Del-Rei (UFSJ), Midwest Campus, Divin\u00f3polis 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of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, INCT-DT, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp. 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