{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:13:25Z","timestamp":1792793605240,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Special Research Fund of Ghent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BOF.COV.2020.0010.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF.COV.2020.0010.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Special Research Fund of Ghent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BOF.COV.2020.0009.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF.COV.2020.0009.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Special Research Fund of Ghent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1.8.020.09.N.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.8.020.09.N.00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Special Research Fund of Ghent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1SD2524N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SD2524N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Special Research Fund of Ghent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FWO-OPR.2020.0113.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO-OPR.2020.0113.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders","award":["BOF.COV.2020.0010.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF.COV.2020.0010.01"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders","award":["BOF.COV.2020.0009.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF.COV.2020.0009.01"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders","award":["1.8.020.09.N.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.8.020.09.N.00"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders","award":["1SD2524N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SD2524N"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders","award":["FWO-OPR.2020.0113.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO-OPR.2020.0113.01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for various physiological functions, including immunity. While it has been suggested that higher vitamin D levels\/supplementation are associated with a better immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, conflicting data exist. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency\/supplementation, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-vaccination in nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS). Blood samples were collected from 115 NHRs and 254 NHS at baseline and 14 days after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination. Baseline samples were assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, while follow-up samples were analyzed for spike protein S1 receptor-binding domain (S1RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and 50% pseudoneutralization titers. Vitamin D supplementation status was obtained from NHRs medical records. We compared immune responses between (severe) vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient NHRs\/NHS and between supplemented and non-supplemented NHRs, stratified for history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and participant type. No significant differences in either binding or neutralizing COVID-19 vaccine antibody response were found between groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng\/mL) was 45% (95% CI: 36\u201354%) among NHRs and 60% (95% CI: 54\u201366%) among NHS. Although we showed that vitamin D status may not be related to a better COVID-19 vaccine antibody response, addressing the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the nursing home population remains important.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11081343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T12:26:39Z","timestamp":1691497599000},"page":"1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["No Significant Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response after COVID-19 Vaccination in Nursing Home Residents and Staff"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline","family":"Meyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelien","family":"De Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Vercruysse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Analytics, Liantis, 8000 Bruges, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7245-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Callens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Padalko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1097-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Heytens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linos","family":"Vandekerckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-5307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piet","family":"Cools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-012-0098-z","article-title":"Vitamin D and Bone","volume":"10","author":"Bikle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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