{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T01:12:26Z","timestamp":1784682746629,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2304300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd.","award":["2022YFC2304300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304300"]}]},{"name":"Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd.","award":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai BravoVax CO., Ltd.","award":["2022YFC2304300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304300"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai BravoVax CO., Ltd.","award":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2022YFC2304300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304300"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u2013I2M\u20131\u2013024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current COVID-19 vaccines are effective countermeasures to control the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic by inducing systemic immune responses through intramuscular injection. However, respiratory mucosal immunization will be needed to elicit local sterilizing immunity to prevent virus replication in the nasopharynx, shedding, and transmission. In this study, we first compared the immunoprotective ability of a chimpanzee replication\u2013deficient adenovirus\u2013vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing a stabilized pre\u2013fusion spike glycoprotein from the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain Wuhan\u2013Hu\u20131 (BV-AdCoV-1) administered through either aerosol inhalation, intranasal spray, or intramuscular injection in cynomolgus monkeys and rhesus macaques. Compared with intranasal administration, aerosol inhalation of BV-AdCoV-1 elicited stronger humoral and mucosal immunity that conferred excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. Importantly, aerosol inhalation induced immunity comparable to that obtained by intramuscular injection, although at a significantly lower dose. Furthermore, to address the problem of immune escape variants, we evaluated the merits of heterologous boosting with an adenovirus\u2013based Omicron BA.1 vaccine (C68\u2013COA04). Boosting rhesus macaques vaccinated with two doses of BV-AdCoV-1 with either the homologous or the heterologous C68\u2013COA04 vector resulted in cross\u2013neutralizing immunity against WT, Delta, and Omicron subvariants, including BA.4\/5 stronger than that obtained by administering a bivalent BV-AdCoV-1\/C68\u2013COA04 vaccine. These results demonstrate that the administration of BV-AdCoV-1 or C68\u2013COA04 via aerosol inhalation is a promising approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission and curtail the pandemic spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11091427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1693201607000},"page":"1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Aerosol Inhalation of Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vectors (ChAd68) Expressing Ancestral or Omicron BA.1 Stabilized Pre\u2013Fusion Spike Glycoproteins Protects Non\u2013Human Primates against SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory and Medical Affairs Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mian","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Management Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Management Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Discovery Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Test Development Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Discovery Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Test Development Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory and Medical Affairs Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Control Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pilot Production Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Assurance Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00592-1","article-title":"Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: Viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape","volume":"21","author":"Tregoning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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