{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T04:29:09Z","timestamp":1768624149172,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing","award":["121041500041-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121041500041-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are the etiological agents involved in most cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina and aseptic meningitis. Information on the epidemiology profiles of NPEV in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia is very limited, with no published data available. The aim of this study is to describe NPEV incidence in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia among patients with different forms of non-polio enterovirus infections (NPEVIs) during 2022, stratified by age and clinical manifestations. A total of 265 samples that tested positive for NPEV using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were genotyped by semi-nested PCR for the VP1 gene. The results showed that 21 genotypes were identified among patients in this study. CVA6 was the most common genotype for HFMD. CVA6, along with CVA10, accounted for the majority of herpangina cases, while CVA9 was implicated in most meningitis cases. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that nearly all of the CVA6 strains identified in this study displayed a close genetic relationship to strains identified in other cities in Russia and strains from China. NPEV surveillance allows for monitoring the circulation of clinically relevant genotypes, resulting in continuous data about NPEV epidemiology. This is important for improving case prevention, diagnosis and guiding clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11101588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T07:28:44Z","timestamp":1697095724000},"page":"1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Non-Polio Enterovirus Surveillance in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia, 2022: Is There a Need for a Vaccine?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Itani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladislav I.","family":"Chalapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasilii N.","family":"Slautin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman O.","family":"Bykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bolat S.","family":"Imangaliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polina K.","family":"Starikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr G.","family":"Sergeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Ural State Medical University, 620109 Ekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr V.","family":"Semenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000911","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Picornaviridae","volume":"98","author":"Zell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"490","article-title":"Enteroviruses: Polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, and Newer Enteroviruses","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Pallansch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fields\u2019 Virology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000187","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Non-Polio Enteroviruses: Recent Advances and Outstanding Questions","volume":"28","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. 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